Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 295-298

Abstract: A modal shift from automobiles is imperative in the transportation field for realizing a low-carbon society. We have developed a simulator that can quantitatively assess the effect of a modal shift by simulating track-based public transportation, such as LRT (Light Rail Transit), and automobile transportation. This paper presents an example in which we used the simulator to calculate the effect in a case where track-based transportation is implemented.

Abstract: Gray clustering method was used to establish the regional geological disaster risk assessment model by factor of the mean annual rainfall, relative height, ground slope ，geomorphological type, rock and soil type, fracture density, earthquake intensity, vegetation cover rate, human activity. This model was used to Predictive assessment of geological disasters in the Jilin Shulan region which is divided into the Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ districts according to the disaster assessment level. The Comparison of the model predicted disaster area and the actual geological disaster areas was correlation (accuracy) of 75% or more. The study confirms that the gray clustering method to predict geological disasters is effective to reduce the loss of geological disasters and to prevent geological disasters.

Abstract: This paper conducted investigation and evaluation of light pollution status quo in Macau applying a research method combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. Obtaining general information of city light environment and ensuring main source of light pollution via questionnaire, the research selected different types of city areas and nightscape light source, measured and assessed ambient light and nightscape illuminating brightness degree respectively, referring to relevant domestic and overseas specification and guidelines. The research aims to explore a investigation and evaluation method of city light pollution at night. Its results can provide reference to city light pollution assessment and management.

Abstract: The paper firstly gives an analysis of the definition of ecological civilization and ecological civilization orientation for rural development. Then based on the view of ecological civilization and that of sustainable development, the paper points out that rural sustainable development is an important subject, as well as raises the strategies of rural sustainable development lead by ecological civilization, involving the construction of ecological countryside from the angle of environmental protection and infrastructure, from the angle of science and technology innovation, from the angle of structural reform, and from the angle of enhancing the farmers quality.

Abstract: TM and HJ remote images were applied to land use interpretation of Tibet on the platform of Erdas software. The spatial distribution characteristics of Tibet land use were analyzed based on Landscape Ecology theory and GIS. The Ecological Index (EI) was calculated to access Tibetan eco-environmental quality. To validate the interpretation accuracy, GPS was used in field checking. The results show: (1) the farmland area of Tibet is 0.66%t of whole area. Woodland area is 164938.29 km2( 13.71%). Grassland is 548651.10 km2 (45.60%). Water area with 84392.81 km2 is 7.01%. Urban land is 3020.20 km2 ( 0.25%). Unutilized land is 460847.68 km2 (32.765); (2) High coverage grasslands are mainly distributed in some southern Tibetan counties, such as Xigaz, Nyemo, Lhongzi, Naidong, Yatung, Gyantse and Renbu (3) among 73 counties, there are 44 counties’ environment is moderate level, 18 counties’ environment is good level. Just one county’s EI is excellent level.

Abstract: Based on the groundwater samples collected in Daxing District of Beijing in June and October 2008, the groundwater quality is assessed and the groundwater hydrochemical characteristics are analyzed. The assessment of groundwater quality is conducted by using the F-value comprehensive assessment method, and GIS approach is used to obtain the zonation of groundwater quality. The results show that the groundwater quality is classified into II, III and IV class, and the groundwater quality gradually changes well from north to south. The groundwater of IV class is located in the northern part, which accounts for about 40% of the total area, and the major pollution factors are TDS and nitrate. The groundwater is mainly characterized by HCO3-Ca•Mg type. The concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, Ca2+ and TDS follow a decreasing trend generally from north to south, all of which have slight seasonal changes. Both natural factors and human activities have impacts on the chemical composition of the groundwater. The protection of groundwater environment in northern Daxing should be taken more seriously.

Abstract: This article reviews the landscape esthetics research in China in the last thirty years by collecting and listing the domestic journals concerning landscape esthetics and related literature since 1980. It analyzes and surmises the disadvantages and characteristics in the current situation of research on landscape esthetics in China. In order to solve the problems of vague subject in the research of landscape esthetics in China, as well as the complexity and variation in the scale of research objects, the authors propose that the concept of “landscape esthetics” should be renamed to “landscape architecture esthetics” in domestic academic research, recommending the improvement of theoretical research framework on landscape esthetics. Finally, it ends with an attempt to prospect the research on landscape esthetics in China.

Abstract: The concept of Green Mine was first introduced in China in 2006. Up to now, the Ministry of Land and Resources, P. R. China (MLR) mandated the development of green mines which totaled to 220. Some experts query the nine conditions, which compose the present standard of the Green Mine, considering them not quantifiable, strict and practical enough. Therefore, we recommend the government to add Delphi method and some other quantifiable indexes into the present standard. Look into the distance, we may improve the theoretic study, summarize and generalize the experience of the Green Mine. Gradually improve the Green Mines construction standard and management measures of different regions, scale and different mineral resources.

Abstract: The goal of this study is to achieve sustainability environment. According to our previous study in the nine Indicators of Taiwanese Green Building, and the Canada GBTools evaluation, combined with Taiwan’s leisure farms, we simulate evaluation factors of sustainability for the practical environments in Taiwan’s leisure farms. We then classify the evaluation factors according to its tendencies and create an expertise questionnaire using these tendencies. Through the results of the expertise questionnaires, we understood how much the experts valued ecology, energy, resource, society, and economy. We then further analyze the cause of the varying degree of attention paid to each category according to its attributes . SPSS statistic software is used as the analytic tool. Through factor analysis and the deletion of factor loading, this study attained four kinds and nine evaluations as well as 29 evaluations points: "perfect environment", "resources management ", "energy efficiency management". In addition, "complete plans and evaluations", "environment workload", "environment plans", the conclusion is that the most valued points for the business are: "environment plans", "environment workload", "perfect environment". However, the most valued points for the government are: "perfect environment", "resources management ", water resources and green materials. As for scholars, the most valued points are: "perfect environment", "environment workload", "using local renewable materials" as well as "environment plans". Analysis of Variance, the conclusion is that the most valued points for the government and scholars are: "natural sounding usage", "legality of base selection", "effectiveness in pollution process", "light efficiency control management systems", "simplified interior design". Finally, LSD analysis attained five evaluation points: "natural sounding usage", "legality of base selection", "effectiveness in pollution process", "light efficiency control management systems", "simplified interior design". The result of this study shows that implementations would be much easier if the necessary equipments and space were put into consideration during the planning stage of recreational farms. Lastly, this study suggests leisure farms choose their operating method carefully. The operating method should meet the nature of leisure agriculture; it should also consider utilizing the sustainable development assessment indicators and relevant decorations in the future. If a correct operating method is chosen, it will facilitate an environmentally friendly leisure farm.

Abstract: Ecosystem service values based on land use pattern were estimated in Xinjian County, a typical waterfront town in Poyang Lake basin, China. Two remote sensing images (1996, 2004) were applied to obtain land use change information, and the most recently published value equivalent were used to valuate ecosystem services. The total value of ecosystem services in Xinjian County was 4588.2 million Yuan in 1996 and 4587.8 million Yuan in 2004, with a decrease of 340.8 thousand Yuan mainly due to the declining areas of cropland, wetland and water body. We concluded that future local land use plan should give priority to the conservation of these ecosystems, in order to promote and maintain the balance of local ecosystem.