Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 315

Abstract: Transfer of technology is the key element for the industrialization and economic development of the countries. Indeed, today, the transfer of manufacturing technology has become an important part of the international business strategy of firms. According to Schmidt and Uydess [1] pharmaceutical manufacturers are transferring more technology now compared to the last decade. Recent survey conducted by Tunnell Consulting, looking at the technology transfer practices of executives at 10 global pharmaceutical companies, the study found that most of companies undertake more than 10 technology transfer per year whether from development to commercial manufacturing or from one manufacturing site to another. The aims of the research is to identify the factor that will influence the technology transfer process in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and provide the better understanding for pharmaceutical process validation at Malaysia. Respondents for this research included Manager, Engineer, Technician, Machine Operator and Supportive Staff at pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. This paper is considered as in progress status. Therefore it will explore and explain the concept of technology transfer and the factors that will influence the process.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of current on performance of EDM process of Allegheny Ludlum D2 Tool Steel (UNS T30402). The effect of varying the machining parameters on the machining responses such as material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and surface roughness (Ra) have been investigated. In this study, circular shape of copper was used as an electrode with surface area of 100mm². The experiments were repeated for three different values of pulse duration (100µs, 200µs and 400µs) with combination of three different values of discharge current (12A, 16A and 24A). It was found that the pulse duration and current give significant effect on MRR, EWR and Ra. An increase in the pulse durations causes an increase in the MRR and Ra, but a decrease in the EWR. Meanwhile, the effect of currents on EDM performance shows that the increasing currents led to an increase in the MRR, EWR and Ra.

Abstract: Monitoring and diagnosis of mean shifts in manufacturing processes become more challenging when involving two or more correlated variables. Unfortunately, most of the existing statistical process control frameworks are only effective in shift detection but suffers high false alarm, that is, imbalanced performance monitoring. The problem becomes more complicated when dealing with small shift particularly in identifying the causable variables. In this research, a framework to address balanced monitoring and accurate diagnosis was investigated. Design considerations involved extensive simulation experiments to select input representation based on raw data and statistical features, recognizer design structure based on synergistic model, and monitoring-diagnosis approach based on two stages technique. The study focuses on correlated process mean shifts for cross correlation function, ρ = 0.1 ~ 0.9 and mean shift, μ = ± 0.75 ~ 3.00 standard deviations. The proposed design, that is, an Integrated Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average with Artificial Neural Network gave superior performance, namely, average run length, ARL₁ = 3.18 ~ 16.75 (for out-of-control process), ARL₀ = 452.13 (for in-control process) and recognition accuracy, RA = 89.5 ~ 98.5%. This research has provided a new perspective in realizing balanced monitoring and accurate diagnosis of multivariate correlated process mean shifts.

Abstract: This article presents a transient modeling and performance of a waste heat driven pressurized adsorption chiller. This innovative adsorption chiller employs pitch based activated carbon of type Maxsorb III as adsorbent and R507A as refrigerant as adsorbent-refrigerant pair. This chiller utilizes low-grade heat source to power the cycle. A parametric study has been presented where the effects of adsorption/desorption cycle time, switching time and regeneration temperature on the performance are reported in terms of cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP). Results indicate that the adsorption chiller is feasible even when low-temperature heat source is available.

Abstract: Flow shop scheduling is a common operational problem in a production system. Effective flow shop scheduling can help the company to improve the management system, hence increase income. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is a system that is widely used for scheduling optimization in a production system since 2005. However, the fundamental ABC system uses a heuristic approach to obtain an optimum solution which may not be the optimum solution at all. The ABC system is tested on the speed to obtain the optimum solution for a flowshop scheduling problem and measures the applicability of the schedule in terms of makespan. A simple model of ABC algorithm was developed to identify the effectiveness of the ABC for solving flow shop scheduling problem compared to other established methods. Result shows the ABC model is capable of producing best makespan in flow shop problem tested.

Abstract: ndoor Air Quality in educational environment is very important as it could interfere with the learning process. In this paper, the indoor air quality of selected lecture rooms of different sizes in an academic building was studied, involving measurements of indoor temperature, relative humidity, CO₂ level and dust particles. A mixed result was observed on the relative humidity in the rooms. The levels of dust particles were observed acceptable although recorded higher in the small lecture room as compared to the lecture theater. The CO₂ content in the lecture theatre was found to be higher than that in the small lecture room, and also exceeded the maximum recommended level. Overall, the results suggested that the lecture theatre needs attention in the aspect of Indoor Air Quality.

Abstract: mportance of the SAG (Semi Autogenous Grinding) mills for the mineral complexes persuades many researchers to study the behavior of these huge equipments. Laboratory mills and the DEM (Discrete element method) software are the prevalent and reliable methods of modeling the mill behaviors. The former is very costly and the latter not only takes the much time but also needs the very advanced computers. In the present work, a method is presented to predict the charge profile and shoulder and toe positions for a case study mill. Experimental relations are manipulated to determine the en masse geometry and the kinetic relations are used to explain the ball movement on the liner in order to determine the shoulder and toe positions. Model results have very good accordance with the experimental results obtained of a laboratory mill. The model is used to predict the load behavior of a SAG mill in the Sarcheshmeh copper complex in Iran. Acceptable results due to low cost and quickness make it as an appropriate method for predicting the charge profile in that tumbling mill.

Abstract: Treatment on the exposed surface to the environmental attack was studied based on biopolymer coating from waste cooking oil doped with a superhydrophilic filler of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂), known as TOP. TOP was found to affect the physical properties of the coated concrete surface in a systematic way. Contact angle measurements are interpreted with respect to nanoand micro-features existing on the surface of the water repellent superhydrophilic filler filled bio-polymer composite coating. The smooth coated surfaces of polymer filled or doped with superhydrophobic filler shows the systematic increasing static Waste Contact Angle, WCA (θst) and revealed that polymer filled superhydrophobic fillers by only 2.0 % shows the ability to form superhydrophobicity property. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures revealed the difference between the concrete surface roughness of concrete biopolymer with and without TOP coating is to provide self-cleaning concrete biopolymer coating based on two principal ways: (1) the development of surface coating of semiconducting photocatalytic superhydrophilic. (2) If such a superhydrophilic is illuminated by light, then grease, dirt and organic contaminants will be decomposed and can easily be swept away by rain.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to study the reduction of internal temperature and heat absorption of building prototype after coated with bio polymer composites. Waste cooking oil has been treated with chemical process and mixed with Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) to produce polymer coating. K-Type thermometer was employed to measure the outside and inside temperature before coated and after coated with bio polymer. The external surface of prototype building the roof was coated with bio polymer up to 3 layers, with 0.50 mm thickness for each layer. The measured temperature shows the reduction of the outside roof temperature is 13.65 °C, while the reduction of the inside roof temperature is 12.61 °C. This reduction of temperature is influenced by the thickness of the bio polymer coating.

Abstract: Designing the front grill with the focus on analyzing the flow from outside to the inside of a passenger car bonnet is very important in the automotive industry. This study was done to increase performance of the flow through the analysis on the effect of aerodynamic flow through the front grill by designing different cases of frontal areas of the front grill. Velocity at 34 m/s at steady condition were done to obtain the flow structure around a passenger car as well as the front grill of a passenger car. Analysis was taken inside the wind tunnel as the boundary condition. The grid generation was based on the tetrahedral unstructured meshes. Result obtain was compared with past experiment data. It was found that an appropriate design of frontal area of front grill can improved the stability of a car and the heat surrounding inside the car bonnet. Finally, the aerodynamics of the most suitable design of front grill was introduced and analyzed.