An Innovative Improvement on Standard Testing Procedure for Biomaterials under Uniaxial Tension

Abstract:

Numbers of standard testing procedure are available for quality control to produce reliable test results. Nevertheless, there are always areas for improvement to the existing standards. This paper for the first time introduces and assesses the use of additional marker (pin) as an alternative measuring points. This innovative idea is hoped to improve the standard testing procedure (ASTM Standard D2209-00), which covers the uniaxial tensile test for leather. Initial work includes preparing samples (Dogbone shape) according to standard. The standard testng procedure is carried out twice. The first test (stage 1) was according to the original standard and the second test (Stage 2 modified protocol) includes several initial attempts to attach the marker pins at the optimum location. Adjustments are made to ensure the marker pins attached firmly to the sample material before standard measurement of displacement and strains using the common testile test machine. tension test, generating result (Displacement and Strain). The results for both original and modifies procedure are compared. It is found that the modified procedure reduced the variation in displacement and strain measurement. By comparison, a significant reduction (63.57%) of range difference between modified and original is computed. This proves that the current modification is significant and produce better results than the original procedure, which could be beneficial for future research especially in biomaterials engineering.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 393)
• Pages: 130-135
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.393.130
• Online since: September 2013
• Authors: Nor Fazli Adull Manan, Jamaluddin Mahmud, Muhammad Hussain Ismail, Nur Hanis Arzami
• Keywords: Biomaterial, Bovine Leather, Deformation, Standard Improvement

References

[1] Aisling Ní Annaidh, Karine Bruyère, Michel Destrade, Michael D. Gilchrist, Mélanie Otténio, Characterization of the anisotropic mechanical properties of excised human skin, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of the Biomedical Materials. 5 (2012).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.08.016

[2] Langer, K., On the anatomy and physiology of the skin. The Imperial Academy of Science, Vienna. British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1861, 17 (31), 93–106. Reprinted in (1978).

[3] Rachel B. Groves, Sion A. Coulman, James C. Birchall, Sam L. Evans, An anisotropic, hyperelastic model for skin: Experimental measurements, finite element modelling and identification of parameters for human and murine skin, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of the Biomedical Materials. 18 (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.10.021

[4] Guozheng Kang and Xinfeng W, Ratchetting of porcine skin under uniaxial cyclic loading, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of the Biomedical Materials. 4 (2011) 498-506.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.12.015

[5] Jansen, L., Rottier, P., Some mechanical properties of human abdominal skin measured on excised strips. Dermatologica, 1958, 117, 65–83.

DOI: 10.1159/000255569

[6] Dunn M.G., Silver, F.H., Viscoelastic behavior of human connective tissues: Relative contribution of viscous and elastic components. Connective Tissue Research, 1983, 12 (1), 59–70.

DOI: 10.3109/03008208309005612

[7] Jacquemoud, C., Bruyere-Garnier, K., Coret, M., Methodology to determine failure characteristics of planar soft tissues using a dynamic tensile test. Journal of Biomechanics, 2007, 40 (2), 468–475.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.12.010

[8] Khatyr, F., Imberdis, C., Vescovo, P., Varchon, D., Lagarde, J.M., Model of the viscoelastic behaviour of skin in vivo and study of anisotropy. Skin research and technology, 2004, 10, 96–103.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00057.x

[9] Nor Fazli Adull Manan, Mohd Hanif Mohd Ramli, Mohd Nor Azmi Ab Patar, Cathy A Holt, Sam L Evans, Mahmoud Chizari and Jamaluddin Mahmud, Determining Hyperelastic Parameters of Human Skin Using 2D Finite Element Modelling and Simulation, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, 2012, 805-809.

DOI: 10.1109/shuser.2012.6268996

[10] Diridollou, S., Berson, M., Vabre, V., Black, D., Karlsson, B., Auriol, F., Gregoire, J.M., Yvon, C., Vaillant, L., Gall, Y., Patat, F., An in vivo method for measuring the mechanical properties of the skin using ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 1998, 24 (2), 215–224.

DOI: 10.1016/s0301-5629(97)00237-8

[11] Zahouani, H., Pailler-Mattei, C., Sohm, B., Vargiolu, R., Cenizo, V., Debret, R., Characterization of the mechanical properties of a dermal equivalent compared with human skin in vivo by indentation and static friction tests. Skin Research and Technology, 2009, 15 (1), 68–76.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2008.00329.x

[12] Jamaluddin Mahmud, Cathy Holt, Sam Evans, Nor Fazli Adull Manan, Mahmoud Chizari, A Parametric Study and Simulations in Quantifying Human Skin Hyperelastic Parameters, Procedia Engineering, 41 (2012) 1580 – 1586.

DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.353