Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 522-524

Abstract: Human Settlements are the basis of the human survival and development that the quality affects human health and is an important symbol to measure the progress of human society and cultural development. Based on the urban human settlements data of 2000-2009, evaluation system of urban human settlements of Jinan City was constructed from economic development, ecological environment and social culture in this paper which involved in per capita GDP, unemployment rate, the per capita areas of the urban roads, and the sewerage treatment rate etc.. Then urban human settlements of Jinan City were evaluated quantitatively by principal component analysis and the sort of synthetic quality was given: the urban human settlements of Jinan City are getting better and better notwithstanding fluctuations.

Abstract: Air quality in car is attracted attention more and more but the air quality evaluation is difficult to achieve standardization in short time. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was introduced in this paper. The in-car air quality classification method was determined. Weight of each index factor was determined according to the degree of different pollutants harm to human. The evaluation results would provide theoretical basis for the comparison of different in-car air quality conditions and air pollution control. An example was given to illustrate the application of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.

Abstract: The HPLC method for acetamiprid in soil and cowpea was developed. The degradation dynamics of the acetamiprid in the soil and cowpea and the last residue in the cowpea were researched. The method recovery was 81% - 88% and the linear relationship was good from 0.05 to 5μg·mL^-1 with a CV less than 5%, which could meet the detection requirement. The half-life of the acetamiprid were 3.3 days and 4.1 days, respectively in soil and cowpea. The residue of the acetamiprid in the cowpea was less than 0.5μg·g^-1 4 days later when two times of the recommended dose. The half-life of the acetamiprid was short, which belongs to the easy degradation pesticide. The cowpea was sprayed 3 times, respectively with two times and 2.5 times of the recommended dose, which had a two days interval each time. The results showed that 4 days and 6 days later the acetamiprid residue in the cowpea were less than 0.5μg·g^-1.

Abstract: After studying the toxicity of the PM₁₀ samples, collected in the Spring and the Summer of 2010 in Beijing, Tianjing and Tangshan, as well as their water soluble fraction with the method of Plasmid DNA assay and comparing the toxicity differences of PM₁₀ in different regions in different periods, we get the findings: Due to particulate matters’ different resources and complicate components, samples of the same mass concentration have different damage rates. The correlation between mass concentration and damage rate of the samples is not linear, indicating that the degree of particulate matters’ damage will reach a threshold value and then the range of damage will change with the increase of mass concentration under the effect of their complex components. The damage ability of the samples collected in spring is less than that in summer. In spring, the damage ability of particulate matters in Tangshan is the largest, Tianjin the second and the third is Beijing’s particulate matters. In summer, the damage ability of particulate matters in three cities is that Tianjin > Tangshan > Beijing. There is no much difference in toxicity between the samples and their water soluble fraction in the three cities in both spring and summer, which means that the toxicity of particulate matters in the same city under the same meteorological condition is similar to their water soluble fraction, showing that the components of particulate matters that cause the damage are largely water soluble.

Abstract: Some researches on heavy metals treatment and disposal methods have been reported, the studies related to the single heavy metal toxicity are developed, but the relatively on toxicity of multi-compounds heavy metals and their mixture have been poorly discussed. This article describes the levels of single heavy metals, compares the strengths and weaknesses of diferent test methods, emphasizes on the characteristics of joint toxicity with mixture. The analysis results discover that the combined toxicity of heavy metals vary with different mixtures combinations, test target, methods and some predictive models were adopted to determine the dose-effect relationship. which propose the development direction of heavy metals toxicity, provide theoretical support for the establishment of environmental monitoring and evaluation methods system.

Abstract: Land ecological security research has gradually become concerned field on global. Using on the Haba Snow Mountain as an example try to discuss the evaluation of ecological security based on change of the landscape ecological pattern in the paper. In GIS, RS and GPS support and accordance with the principles of landscape ecology and using new grid map method has been 1993 and 2006 Haba Snow Mountain ecological safety evaluation and space differentiation. There are temperate coniferous forest, grassland, sclerophyll broad-leaved forest, warm coniferous forest, water area, residential land, semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, ice and snow land nine landscape types, and temperate coniferous forest and grassland are dominant landscape in the study area, both area has accounted about 67% of the total area. The results show that from 1993 to 2006 the whole landscape pattern has changed less in the area. Land ecological security level space differentiation is very obvious. Ecological security level high altitude area is superior to low altitude area, the core area is superior to the edge area, north area is superior to the southern area. Land ecological security in the study area whole is in good level. From 1993 to 2006 years land ecological security level has declined in the area. Research on ecological safety planning to provide basis for ecological safety planning and for similar high mountain canyon area also has reference value.

Abstract: To explore the effects of human mood state in extreme hot environment. The mood states of 20 healthy male volunteers were evaluated by self-assessment questionnaires, Profile of mood state (POMS) and state anxiety-inventory (S-AI), then random exposure to environmental chamber with temperature of 25°C,36°C,38°C,40°C and relative humidity of 40%,60%,80% for 1 hour. The negative mood state factor points (T,D,A,F,C) and S-AI points increased gradually as the temperature and relative humidity increased. While (V) points had a tendency to decrease, under the condition of high temperature, the relative humidity of the emotional impact is greater than the impact of high temperature on human emotions.

Abstract: A new montmorillonite/humic acid complex preparation method in alkaline environment was studied by experiment, and the complex effect on remediation of heavy metal pollution was verified. The best technologic condition of the montmorillonite/humic acid complex preparation in alkaline environment was that the mass ratio between montmorillonite and humic acid was 100:3, the reaction solution was 0.01 mol/L sodium nitrate solution, the pH value of the reaction solution was 8.5, and the reaction time was 24 hours. The complex has better remediation effect on cadmium waste water. The cadmium adsorption capacity of the complex was 18.96 mg/g, and the pH value ranges of cadmium waste water suited for the complex was from 5 to 9. When the ratio of Cd initiative concentration/the complex quantity was lower than 300:1 and the pH value of the waste water was higher than 8, almost all of the Cd in waste water can be removed.

Abstract: This paper presents a study on the adsorption of structurally different C.I. Acid Red 1(AR-1) and C.I. Acid Yellow 4(AY-4) from aqueous solution by a series water-insoluble crosslinked cationic starches with different degrees of substitution (DS) synthesized by a dry process. The adsorption quickly establish equilibrium within 15 min. The effective adsorption took place at the initial pH of 2-10 and pH of 2-8 for AR-1 and AY-4, respectively. The adsorption capacity of the two acid dyes increased with the increasing of DS of the crosslinked cationic starches. The adsorption capacity of AY-4 was almost two times higher than that of AR-1 under the present conditions. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of the two acid dyes on the crosslinked cationic starch was well described with the pseudo-second-order model (R²>0.99). Further, the Langmuir isotherm agreed well with the experimental data (R²>0.99). Besides, the thermodynamic parameters are shown.

Abstract: Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of concentrated landfill leachate has been carried out in a batch reactor in fluidized bed sand bath, operated under varied temperature (450-600 °C), pressure (23-29 MPa), residence time (5-20 min) and oxidation coefficient (1.5-3.0). The experimental results indicated that temperature and oxidation coefficient had significant influences on the oxidation reaction, whereas the pressure and residence time were not crucial factors. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄-N) removal efficiencies could reach up to 99.23% and 98.64% at 600 °C, 25 MPa and 5 min with a oxidation coefficient of 2, respectively, and the effluents could be discharged harmlessly.