Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 522-524

Abstract: In this paper, Iron-Oxide-Coated-Zeolite has been prepared by using natural zeolite and ferric nitrate. The absorbing effect of IOCZ on phosphorus is also investigated, including the filler height, the flow rate and initial phosphorus concentration on breakthrough curve were studied. The results show that IOCZ as an adsorbent can effectively remove the phosphorus from the wastewater. When the filler height and the initial phosphorus concentration increased, the adsorption effect increased and the breakthrough time reduced. The best filler height is 30cm. The higher the initial phosphorus concentration is, the less the processing water is. Column experiment was used for advanced treatment and it can process substantial wastewater, and then makes the effluent phosphorus concentration meet the national emission standards. When the regenerated solution was trickled into the solution about 5min, almost all of the phosphorus separated from the IOCZ.

Abstract: Based on the problem of industrial wastewater of 4-Toluene Sulfonic Acid (4-TSA) with characteristics of high concentration and high toxicity, also low treatment efficiency by common biological treatment , this study was used aerobic biological fluidized bed (ABFB) to analyze the impact of 4-TSA treatment by changing water load chemical oxygen demand (COD), aeration amount, and pH value of input water, and so on technological parameters. The result showed that the average degradation rate of 4-TSA in wastewater can researched to 96.9% under condition of reactor steadily running, HRT=9 h, temperature 25°C, pH=8.0, ORP-141~-93 mV,DO 3.5~8.72 mg/L, the inflow water 4-TSA concentration 600 mg/L, aerobic amount 210 L/h. Therefore, the best aerobic amount to treat wastewater contained 4-TSA is 210 L/h in aerobic biological fluidized bed. The degradation rate of 4-TSA is decreased as the increasing of water load. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) indicated that the bacillus is the mainly part on the biological carrier, suspended sludge is composed by aurous and bacillus.

Abstract: To domestic sewage, mixed sewage with hair dyeing sewage and low concentrations of hair dyeing sewage as objects, studied by experiments SBR remove its COD, total phosphorus, ammonia, nitrogen efficiency, the results show that the hair dyeing sewage on SBR to remove COD, total phosphorus, ammonia has little effect, the low concentration hair dyeing sewage can be handled through biological methods, its COD, total phosphorus, total nitrogen removal efficiency can reach 79.11%, 92.16%, 74.51%, 55.93%, However, due to the hair dyeing sewage has cyclic organic matter may inhibit the role of heterotrophic bacteria, affecting the biological nitrogen removal, the nitrogen removal rate of hair dyeing sewage decreased 14.70% than domestic sewage.

Abstract: Heavy metals exist in different forms in polluted soils however only the unstable form is bioavailable and potentially threatening to the environment. This study adopted the ultrasound technique as a tool to transform the unstable heavy metal forms into soluble forms and remove them. Acoustic cavitation coupled with mechanical stirring was used to facilitate the removal of Cu and Ni from a polluted soil. Effect of sonication treating time, sonication power and slurry concentration factors on the removal efficiency (RE) were studied. Test results show that the RE increase with sonication treating time, the best RE for Cu and Ni are 40-50 minutes and 30-40 minutes respectively. Increasing the sonication power can improve the removal of Cu but particularly for Ni, the optimal sonication power is 400W. High concentration slurry is better for Cu removal but for Ni, a more dilute slurry is more effective.

Abstract: Using a DMBR, which consists of two piece of Polyester fabric mini nets and an interactive unit with brushes, to test whether it can relieve membrane fouling and keep the reactors stable operation on a high flux by anti-brushing periodically or not. The results indicated that when the flux was 45L/m²·h, it could operate 28d until the flux decline. And it also showed that an operation by running the interactive unit periodically could remove the dynamic membrane and make the non-backwashing come true. By comparing the amount of bio-film on the nets surface before and after anti-brushing, it proved that anti-brushing had a good cleaning effect to net. In addition to through a detection to the effluent turbidity, it could put 0.5NTU as an important sign to do anti-brushing operation.

Abstract: For rational utilization of industrial wastewater containing salt, this paper puts forward a method to evaporate and concentrate salty water by applicating no padding evaporative cooling tower. This paper has established a testing bench of evaporation and concentration of salt-containing wastewater and fresh water recovery system. The actual operating characteristic of the testing bench is also tested. Tests showed that evaporated quantity of water of the system ranged from 1.8 to 2.2t/h under the conditions of salt water inlet temperature between 30°C and 40°C.It proves that the proposed salt-containing wastewater treatment is feasible.

Abstract: Poyang Lake is under the potential threaten from water eutrophication. The implementation of pollution-purifying agricultural industrialization in the Poyang Lake area is an important strategy for controlling the non-point source pollution and achieving economic transformation in the area. In this article, the characteristics of pollution-purifying agriculture and the advantages for its industrialization in the Poyang Lake is discussed. The suitable patterns for the implementation of purifying-agricultural industrialization in Poyang Lake are also proposed.

Abstract: Inoculated with anaerobic digester sludge of municipal sewage treatment plant, using the method of organic load increasing, anaerobic fluidized beds was started-up after 82 days. At organic loading rate of 5kgCOD/m³·d, the COD removal rate was 81%. The structure of this biofilm is good and propitious to further domestication.

Abstract: Crop growth simulation models can be useful in evaluating the impacts of different tillage and residue management operations on the changes in land productivity and soil-water balance components. They offer a potentially valuable set of tools for examining questions related to performance of conservation agriculture. This can be both to improve our understanding or conceptualization of processes and to improve quantitative predictions for use by agronomists, growers, policy makers or others. We applied the new Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) version 4.5, an improved crop growth simulation model, to three conservation agriculture treatments and one conventional tillage treatment data from a field-scale study in west Henan region of China to predict winter-wheat yield, leaf area index and soil-water balance. The sites average annual precipitation is 632mm and it had a winter wheat-fallow-winter wheat rotation. There winter wheat planting in October and harvesting in next year June. The model was calibrated using 2005-2006 winter-wheat crop data from field experiments of the four treatments. The treatments were: (1) decreased tillage (DT): mulching of 10-15cm height straw and one ploughing operation to 25cm depth on July 1^st; (2) zero tillage (ZT): zero tillage with 35-40cm height straw mulching; (3) subsoiling (SS): 35-40cm height straw mulching and subsoil to 40cm depth on July 1^st; (4) conventional tillage (CT): 10-15cm height straw mulching and two ploughing operations 20cm deep on July 1^st and October 1^st. The DSSAT satisfactorily simulated the four treatments variations in winter-wheat yield, leaf area index and soil-water balance. There was better agreement between observed and predicted yields (the error absolute values were less than 3.95% and the error mean absolute values were less than 2.78%). The mean value of root mean square errors (RMSE) for simulated leaf area index (LAI) and soil water storage were 0.41cm²·cm^-2 and 0.08cm³·cm^-3 for DT, ZT, SS and CT, treatment respectively. The predicted water use efficiency for the four treatments were 15.85, 15.40, 16.58 and 15.81kg·mm^-1·ha^-1, respectively. These values were close to the values calculated from field measured data (16.82, 14.44, 16.86 and 15.66kg·mm^-1·ha^-1, respectively). Although the analysis results show us that the DSSAT V4.5 is well suited for simulating winter-wheat growth in the West Henan region of China, these results are preliminary and based on only one year of experimental data and four treatments and further long-term analyses need to be carried out for improving the understanding of the conservation agriculture cropping systems in the west Henan region of China.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of condition linear programming model to optimize development and ecological restoration of coastal mud flat, in particular maximizing ecosystem service values, minimizing ecological restoration cost and computing return on investment of ecological restoration of coastal mud flat. Such a linear programming model for Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province, China was constructed to represent all ecosystem and ecological restoration services and given the return on optimal investment of ecological restoration for the coastal mud flat. This indicates that there is a possibility of obtaining a decision support system from the linear programming model and suggests that it is possible to improve decisions of restoration programs of the coastal mud flat by the return on investment of ecological restoration in which multiple service benefits can be maximized and ecological restoration cost can be minimized simultaneously.