Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 522-524

Abstract: This paper analyzes the environmental influence of military action, including physical damage, biochemical and nuclear pollution. Through establishing evaluation indexes and model, auditors evaluate the sufficiency, timeliness and effectiveness of protective or remedial measures taken in military action, as well as the pollution level of oil, air, water, noise, light and electromagnetism, aiming at judging the distress severity of pollution and providing basis for the confirmation of responsibility and reformulation of laws and regulations.

Abstract: Allelopathic effect of Sargassum fusiforme on growth of Karenia mikimotoi was studied, the results showed that: fresh tissue and dry powder of S. fusiforme had a good inhibitory effect on the K. mikimotoi growth, and enhanced with the increase of mass concentration.The concentration dependence relationship was existed between S. fusiforme and K. mikimotoi. Aqueous extract of S. fusiforme had a promoting effect on K. mikimotoi at low concentration, and showed obvious inhibition at high concentration, in the 1.6 g/L of extract group, K. mikimotoi died on day 8. It illustrated that the inhibition of S. fusiforme on K. mikimotoi was implemented mainly by its soluble components.

Abstract: Coral reefs are the most biological systems productive and versatile on the surface of the planet earth, which is a source with economic and social, returns great for the country that God-given this natural wealth. Egypt is home to some of the most spectacular coral reefs and associated marine life in the world. Egypt has enacted laws and takes effective measures for the protection and management of coral reefs and associated ecosystems in the Red Sea and its Gulf to characterize these areas of the richness and diversity of coral reef environment is scarce to be repeated elsewhere in the world. The largest sub-sector for the Egyptian tourism market is the coastal tourism. Coastal tourism depends largely on intact reefs, and this is also one of the most important causes of reef degradation in Egypt. Over the last two decades live coral cover has declined in Egypt. Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) implements its own methodology to estimate the coral reefs impacts as a result of the destruction of coral reefs due to ship aground or anchorage. This paper focuses on and presents the modelling of the destruction of coral reefs as a result of the collision and the ship ground damage assessment in case of oil spills in Egyptian coastal water referring to the EEAA methodology applied in Egypt.

Abstract: Developed countries have made significant results in the process of energy conservation and emissions reduction. We select the United States and Japan in the developed world as examples, introduce the policy content and features in the two countries to promote energy conservation and emissions reduction, and provide the beneficial enlightenment to energy conservation and emissions reduction work in China.

Abstract: In this study granular activated carbon loaded with ferric oxide hydrate (Fe-AC) as arsenic adsorbent was prepared by impregnation method. The influence of the kinds of ferric salt solution, the concentration of ferric salt solution, impregnation time and curing temperature on its arsenic removal effect was investigated. The optimal preparation conditions of the adsorbent were determined. And its adsorption properties of arsenic in aqueous solution were studied by static adsorption experiments. Results showed that when the dipping solution is 1.0 mol/L of Fe (NO₃)₃, impregnation time is 16h and the curing temperature is 60°C, the arsenic adsorption effect of the prepared adsorbent is best. The pattern of adsorption of As (V) with Fe-AC prepared under optimal condition well fit the Langmuir adsorption model, the correlation coefficient R² is greater than 0.98, and the maximum adsorption capacity is up to 71.43 mg/g.

Abstract: The study on the resistance of different wetland plants to wastewater duress is the key to ecological wastewater treatment technology. This paper studies the change of soluble protein content in 4 common wetland plants (Phragmites communis, Typha angustata, Arundo donax and Canna generalis) in Shandong in different wastewater duress time. The results show: when the wastewater duress time is 2 days and 4 days, soluble protein content in Phragmites communis has minimal change, and its anti-stress capability is the strongest; when the wastewater duress time is 6 days, soluble protein content in Canna generalis has minimal change, and its anti-stress capability is the strongest, followed by Typha angustata.

Abstract: Potentials of three plant species, rape, alfalfa and white clover, separately or jointly on the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil were estimated by pots experiments. Results showed the presence of vegetation apparently enhanced the dissipation of PAHs at initial concentrations ranging from 20.05 to 322.06 mg·kg^-1. Within 70-day experiment, alfalfa and white clover showed higher efficiencies for removal of PAHs than those of rape, and mixed cropping greatly enhanced the dissipation of PAHs as compared to single cropping. On average 74.87% of phenanthrene or 62.81% of pyrene were removed from soils with mixed cropping of rape and alfalfa, and 72.01% of phenanthren or 68.44% of pyrene removed by mixed cropping of rape and white clover. Results suggested a feasibility of the establishment of multispecies remediation for enforcing the dissipation of PAHs.

Abstract: The effects of phosphates rock (PR) with different particle sizes {D97<4.26 (the diameters of 97% of the particles are less than 4.26 µm.), <36.83, <71.12 and <101.43 µm} and different concentration (2.5% and 5% content of try soil weight) on immobilizing heavy metal-contaminated soils by a perennial ryegrass greenhouse experiment are conducted. Results indicate that remediation effect of applying 5% content is more significant than 2.5%. Ryegrass biomass in shoots in the former applying content is much larger than the latter and for both roots and shoots, PR reduces the absorption and accumulation of Pb, Cu and Zn, but no significant influence on Cd. While adding the same amount of different sizes of PR doesn’t show significant differences between these treatments. Pb content at 5% level of the finest size of PR is the minimum, decreased by 33% and 56% compared to the control in roots and shoots respectively, which was also suitable for Zn, decreased by 12.65% and 39.61% respectively.

Abstract: To identify the concentration of heavy metals in greenbelt soils of urban road in different functional zones, 0-15cm and 15-30cm soils were collected from south suburbs of Xian City. The concentrations of Cr, Pb, and Cu were determined and contamination level were assessed using single pollution index and geoaccumulation index. The results indicated that the highest contamination level was dominated by Pb and Cu. In addition, Pb was accumulated in 0-15cm soils especially, and the concentrations of three heavy metals in 0-15cm were higher than those in 15-30cm. The geoaccumulation index indicated that the contamination levels of these heavy metals in descending order was industrial area, busy roads, commercial areas, and park areas. The highest contamination degree of heavy metals were dominated by Cu, followed by Pb , which have correlation with industrial activities and traffic transport, while no Cr polluted.

Abstract: Water eutrophication has become a worldwide environmental problem, and understanding the causing factors of water eutrophication will help for prevention and remediation of water eutrophication. The major causing factors of water eutrophication and purifying technologies were reviewed in this paper. There are many factors causing water eutrophication, including human activities, air deposition, precipitation, fertilizer runoff, animal waste and rural household pollution. Therefore, it is difficult to remediate eutrophic water. Constructed wetlands and floating beds have proven to be promising treatment alternatives in developing countries. Moreover, the biomass from phytoremediation ecological engineering can be used bioenergy feedstocks or animal feeds.