Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 573

Abstract: Removed due to plagiarism

Abstract: In this paper we focus on energy efficiency of the node in mobile ad hoc network with respect to metrics residual battery capacity and relay capacity of the node in the network. We have proposed a multicast algorithm which will use the remaining battery power of the node in an efficient way to increase the lifetime of the network. If the source node wants to send multicast packets, it chooses a node with higher residual-battery capacity. If all the intermediate nodes have equal residual-battery capacity, then it chooses a node with higher relay capacity. Simulation results revealed that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than the existing in terms of node lifetime, delay and throughput.

Abstract: In recent years, there is a pressing need for energy conservation measures against power shortages. It is important to create a relaxed and healthy environment in order to improve the quality of life as well as the effectiveness of work. We get into the revolution concept of BAN (Body Area Network), In order to provide suitable personalized services, human information data needs to be monitored and analyzed. We have developed a wearable sensing system which measures biological data and activity data in daily life using body area network technologies. Like, air conditioning to control thermal environment uses a lot of (non-renewable) electric power. In focus to achieve a good balance between energy consumption and comfortable feeling for human, and a smart system to control thermal environment intelligently has been required. This paper proposes the smart system that estimates individual thermal comfort using skin wearable wireless sensors along with we will do longer-term measurements for data accumulation through data logger with the support of IEEE802.15.6.Here we utilize some key sensors are used like skin temperature sensor and ECG sensors and indoor monitoring through Thermo hygrometer to measure the humidity. Skin temperature will be improved to worn in suits and maximize to hide the load, and every sensor informations are connected to data monitoring server for human conditional analysis.

Abstract: In India 75% land is occupied for agriculture so some recent survey shows 85% of fresh water resources is utilized in every seasonal period. We can overcome this water consumption through the help of embedded wireless sensor equipments. In this paper we projected a new idea, the system have distributed wireless network to monitor a soil-moisture. Temperature sensors are placed in the root zone of the plants and all these sensors are self power sourced through batteries with an inbuilt rechargeable photovoltaic cell to charge them. Using GPRS system it can be monitored accurately from outsource, and another main action to be achieved in this agriculture environment. The overall environment will be monitored through a digital camera to avoid the infection in plants and also fertilizing them in a correct time. The automated system actions are analyzed and monitored in the server or data storage room.

Abstract: In recent years, the demand for compact handheld communication devices has grown significantly. For device miniaturization antenna size is to be reduced. Micro strip and PIFA have been used for past few years. Since it has low profile geometry it can be embedded into devices. This project is to develop a Quad band small size Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for the operation in modern multi-band mobile transceiver system. Various techniques for analysis and design of such antenna investigated in this project. The design curve is used to design Quad band Planar inverted F Antenna to operate at the 900, 1800, 2100 and 3500 MHz bands. Since High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) simulation result agrees well with the theoretical predictions, this project also designed through HFSS. An antenna designed at the four desired band and optimized to adjust the four resonance frequencies using HFSS simulation. The substrate FR4 (ε_r=4.4 & tanδ = 0.02) are in good agreement with the simulation result. Further bandwidth enhancements by making defects in the substrate at particular area were need of much reflection.

Abstract: Abstract. Radio propagation on wireless channels depends on many static and dynamic factors like, buildings, trees, mountains, frequency of operation, velocity of mobile stations and interfering sources. Mathematical models for channel are considered for various communication functions like, predicting radio coverage, estimation of interferences from various sources, estimating the characteristics of an alternate transmitter and receiver, achievable data rates and for determining the location for wireless infrastructure. Signal propagation in fading channels cause degradation of signal QoS. OFDM is often used to mitigate fading effects in wireless channels; the paper describes the disadvantage of OFDM and provides a wavelet based solution to surmount it. The paper also investigates the BER vs. SNR performance of modified OFDM using wavelet packet in Rayleigh and Rician Channels and the results are compared with conventional OFDM.

Abstract: MAC protocol design in Wireless sensor networks becomes vibrant research field for the past several years. In this paper an EE-Hybrid MAC protocol (Energy efficient hybrid Medium Access Control) has been proposed, which is energy efficient and low latency MAC protocol, which uses interrupt method to assign priority for certain wireless sensor nodes assumed to be present in critical loops of industrial process control domain. EE-Hybrid MAC overcomes some of the limitations in the existing approaches. Industrial wireless sensor network require a suitable MAC protocol which offers energy efficiency and capable of handling emergency situations in industrial automation domain. Time critical and mission critical applications demands not only energy efficiency but strict timeliness and reliability. Harsh environmental condition and dynamic network topologies may cause industrial sensor to malfunction, so the developed protocol must adapt to changing topology and harsh environment. Most of the existing MAC protocols have number of limitations for industrial application domain In industrial automation scenario, certain sensor loops are found to be time critical, where data’s have to be transferred without any further delay. The proposed EE-Hybrid MAC protocol is simulated in NS2 environment, from the result it is observed that proposed protocol provides better performance compared to the conventional MAC protocols.

Abstract: Previously Spread Spectrum (SS) communication involve by setting up preconfigured keys among the communicating nodes that are constrained to possess synchronous behaviour. This extends to several issues creating circular dependency problem, offering less energy efficiency and thereby leading to insecure short-lived communication. In this paper, an opponent resilient secret sharing concept is introduced without any establishment of pre-shared keys by FB (Forward Backward) decoding. It illustrates using time reversed message extraction and key scheduling at receiver side that enables secured transmission over wireless communication even when the receiver node remains inactive and attaining jammer not to obtain the original data sent by the sender node. Spreading the data involves use of DSSS as it would be more compatible in adjusting to multiple bandwidths. Main goal is to transmit the message in such a way that the time required to deliver the secret must be less than the time for the opponent to find key during transmission. Further, it come up with minimal storage overhead, cost effective and sustains long-lived secured communication among the interacting nodes. Evaluation of various parameters is performed using NS-2 toolkit to prove that this newer approach is better than earlier work.

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks consist of a network of autonomous sensors that can reconfigure themselves so as to sense the environment in the most significant manner. However, a significant challenge in the practical application of these networks exists in credible authentication and network security. This paper proposes a secure authentication protocol which is considered as a pro-active method, where a user is strongly verified before accessing the data, it is the modified Adhoc On-Demand Distance vector (AODV) Routing protocol that provides many security principles to the user such as checking sequence number, IP address and threshold values. The performance of proposed algorithm is compared with the existing alogorithm based on the following parameters such as Throughput, End to End delay and packet delivery ratio. The results shows that the proposed protocol possesses many advantages against the popular black hole attack. This work has been carried out using NS2 software and the result obtained testifies the effectiveness of the proposed protocol. Keyword: Authentication protocol, AES security, AODV routing protocol, Black hole attack, Wireless sensor network (WSN).

Abstract: Object tracking is a noteworthy application in the field of wireless sensor networks that has attracted major Research attention recently. Most object tracking schemes uses prediction scheme to minimize the energy consumption and to maintain low missing rate in a sensor network. However objects need to be localize, when object was found missing during tracking process. In this article, we proposed a swarm intelligence mechanism, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) to accurately estimate the location of the missing object, using updated object position and velocity and the extensive simulations are also shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm against the centroid and weighted centroid methods to evaluate its performance in terms of localization error.