Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 587-589

Abstract: The wastewater originating from fifteen different constructive sites in Yunnan is selected as research subjects, and then detecting the possible pollution index in the wastewater. It turns out to be that unattainment rate of SS is as high as 93.5%; the average contents of COD and BOD5 are 632.52mg/L and 255.39mg/L, both of which are over the emission standards to 66.7%; production wastewater is weakly alkaline; other index is beyond the approved discharged standards slightly. The main pollution factors of urban constructive sites wastewater are SS, COD, BOD5 and pH. The secondary pollution factors are petroleum, TN, TP and animal and vegetables Oil.

Abstract: Noise has become an important problem concerned by people with the rapid development of highway construction. Traffic noise impact around urban road is more than half of the total urban noise. This paper wants to make people attach importance to urban noise and put forward new approach and method to prevent and control urban noise, by discussing about source, characteristics and preventive treatment of highway noise.

Abstract: Urban fringe areas are the core carrier for the balance of carbon source and sink in urban regions and the concentration area for conversion of land used for carbon emission and sink. With the support of interpreted data of remote sensing images, through combination of the “Breakaway Point” Analysis Approach and the Index Bound Method, the paper obtains the range of fringe areas of Nanning City and discusses about the driving force mechanism of spatial expansion of lands used for carbon source and sink at the urban fringe areas. The results show that conditions of natural terrain, social and economic factors, development of communication and transportation, urban planning and control, social culture and mass psychology form the driving force mechanism of spatial expansion of lands used for carbon source and sink at urban fringe areas.

Abstract: As the residential area is the basic functional unit in the city, its number is large and its construction project is huge; accordingly, the CO² emission is also huge in the process of construction and use. On the basis of the LCP theory and method, the researchers in this paper propose a new approach used to calculate the carbon emissions in the urban residential area through comprehensively considering the CO² emission and CO² absorption of carbon sink-green space in the total life cycle of the urban community. In addition, taking the typical multi-story residential areas in Shenyang City as the sample, the researchers calculate the carbon emission and discuss the features of emission in the residential area as well as the method and potential of reducing the carbon emission. The calculation results show that, the carbon emissions in the process of operation an use account for the largest proportion for the total life cycle, up to 83.8%; the carbon emissions in the process of preparing the materials for construction account for 7.69%; the carbon emissions at the stage of building demolition account for 5.32%. The carbon emissions at the stage of construction are the smallest in amount, which can be basically negligible. According to the existing energy structure, construction specifications and technical level, 4.8% of the CO² emissions in the residential area can be absorbed through the green space and that the carbon emissions in the residential area can be reduced through taking the energy conservation measures, using the renewable energy and increasing the area of carbon sinks.

Abstract: Ecological civilization is the development and evolution of civilization as the solution of the tense relationship between human activities and nature, the rural community construction is one of the important areas of ecological civilization, so the rural community environmental health evaluation will help to reflect the concept of ecological civilization. Take Fanggan community in Laiwu city of Shandong province for example, by interpreting the community environment health evaluation index, to explore the feasibility of the rural community environment evaluation model and index, to provide a certain reference for similar community construction.

Abstract: The 23 air samples were collected from Tianjin Dongli industrial zone from July 2010 to May 2011 for the analysis of 84 PCB congeners to investigate the gas/particle partitioning. The total PCBs concentration ranged from 71.08 to 567.36 pg m^-3 with the mean value as 307.78±137.45 pg m^-3 and the seasonal trends were summer >winter >spring >autumn. Gas PCBs accounted for 77.47% of the total PCBs. The fraction of each gas PCB homolog increased with the decreasing chlorine atoms. The contribution of gas PCBs to total PCBs showed a strong seasonal variation with summer (92.44%)> autumn (85.16%) > spring (80.61%) > winter (42.70%). Tri-, tetra-, penta-PCBs and di-PCBs were the predominantly homologs in atmosphere from industrial zone in Tianjin. The natural logarithm of partial pressure of PCBs were well correlated with the inverse absolute environmental temperature (R=0.77). The steep slope of-3764 obtained from Clausius–Clapeyron plot indicated the influence of local PCBs sources.

Abstract: The 28 surface soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected from the urban area of Baoding city nearby an old electric transformer factory for analysis of 84 PCB congeners. Total PCBs concentrations ranged from 0.69 to 11.15 ng/g (mean: 3.62 ng/g). The PCBs concentration (5.72 ng/g) for sampling sites in the vicinity (0-2.5 km) of the transformer factory was higher than that (2.96 ng/g) for other sampling sites. Compositional patterns of individual congener and homologs were similar to those of Chinese transformer oils. The top five congeners were PCB-6, 18, 22, 33 and 31/28 among the identified PCBs. Low chlorinated PCBs (di-to tetra-CBs) accounted for 69.58% of total PCBs concentrations and the predominant PCB homologs were tri-CBs (46.38%), penta-CBs (13.73%) and di-CBs (9.47%), respectively. Principal component analysis showed that technical formulations such as Chinese transformer oil, Aroclor1242, 1016, KC-300 and A-30 were the main sources of soils PCBs from Baoding city. The TEQ concentrations based on ten dioxin-like PCBs ranged from 0 to 26.0986 ng/kg with the mean value as 7.3336 ng/kg.

Abstract: Nowadays, the water recycling system and natural water cycle of many areas in the world were deeply influenced during the process of urbanization. How to control the negative-effect caused by the improper stormwater management and how to solve the problems of urban water logging have attracted the eyes of the world. New stormwater management offers a new way to solve the problems of urban water logging. First, this paper analysis the seriousness of the urban water logging problem. Then analysis the reason that caused urban water logging. Due to the basic reason caused urban water logging and the weakness of traditional drainage system, coming up with a new idea that using the new measure of stormwater management. This paper also lists the key point of new stormwater management and the concrete practice of measures. Finally, drawing a conclusion of this paper.

Abstract: Russia, as many other large countries, is a historically multinational state. In the conditions of administrative and territorial dissociation the social infrastructure of the remote regions, where transport systems are poorly developed, degrades. It is common especially for the northern regions with their severe climate. For example, various subjects of the Russian Federation are inhabited by over 180 national populations, one third of whom can be considered small ethnic groups. Total, they account for 500 thousand, or 0.3% of the whole Russian population. The fact that the 20th century industrialization almost didn't affect these remote ethnic regions was caused by poor road infrastructure. On the one hand, this contributed to the preservation of these ethnic group identity, but on the other hand, this led to the problems in realizing state social programs for such small ethnic groups. For the latest 50 years a number of small ethnic group population has significantly reduced. This is not caused only by the natural assimilation, but also by the ineffective implementation of the projects aimed at the development of road networks. The present article considers this problem referring to the situation with Finno-Ugric ethnic group Vespians in modern Russia. The article provides the proposal about complex development of social and transport infrastructure aimed at the preservation of this small ethnic group in the globalization conditions.

Abstract: One of the factors that determine the humankind existence and development is the environment. Man as a biological system is a part of nature, however the cooperation between them is quite complex [1]. On the one hand, men need permanent protection against it’s negative impact, on the other hand, they are the source of these impacts themselves [1, 2].Thanks to their unique characteristics, natural zeolites (NZ) are widely applied for solution of different ecological problems as cheap and available sorbing agents and also as basics for catalytical materials that are used for aquatic and air medium purification [3, 4]. The most frequently applied NZ are clinoptilolites that are widespread on the territory of Russia [5, 6].