Considerations Concerning the Causes and Effects of the Occurrence of Residual Stresses in Metallic Materials: A Review

Abstract:

As a result of the processing procedures of metallic materials and the obtaining of pieces through mechanical processing, residual stresses arise, that may influence the machinability of materials, the performance and lifetime of pieces. Residual stresses are those stresses that exist in both material presence and after the removal of generating sources, they having a significant effect on fracture strength, dimensional stability and shape of the pieces. This paper aims to analyze the current stage of theoretical and experimental research on the causes of the arise of residual stresses and their effects on metallic materials and components made of these materials.The effects of residual stresses can be negative or positive in what concerns the in-service behavior of the pieces. The positives ones are compression residual stresses, which assure an increase of the carrying capacity and fatigue strength. The residual tensile stresses may have negative effects, existing the occurrence of various structural defects or the onset and spreading of fatigue cracks. In order to reduce these effects is recommended a stress relief treatment of the pieces.Summary of experimental research presented in this paper followed the link between residual stresses and machinability of materials (superficial layer hardness), characteristics of their mechanical strength (fracture strength, fracture toughness), the material behavior (resistance to fatigue, cracking, corrosion, abrasion and wear) and residual stresses influence on pieces precision obtained after mechanical processing.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 659)
• Pages: 91-100
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.659.91
• Online since: October 2014
• Authors: Pavel Iurea*, Constantin Carausu
• Keywords: Effects of Residual Stresses, Fatigue Strength, Metallic Materials, Origins of Residual Stresses, Residual Stress

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