Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 824

Abstract: The purpose of the facade insulation is to reduce transmission heat loss from the heated interior to exterior. After some time, it can be said that the insulation of the building envelope served its purpose and significantly reduce heat use for heating of insulated buildings. Time, however, showed the risks of external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS). One side effect of reducing transmission heat loss of buildings by using of ETICS can be considerable aesthetic devaluation of facades. Sometimes façade with ETICS become a suitable substrate for the growth of microorganisms. These are algae, fungi and cyanobacteria, which creates unsightly green and black growths on facades. The article deals with the connection between thermal insulation of external walls and the presence of vegetation microorganisms.

Abstract: The paper introduces the results of research study aimed at sealing possibilities of cement-based substrates. The intention of the presented research is to verify whether the permanent and reliable seal in materials can be implemented even without additional surface treatment. The task is approached experimentally, using test procedures based on relevant European technical standards. The tested substrate is made up of glass-fiber reinforced concrete facade elements intended for the final cladding of buildings without any further surface treatment. The selected substrate is 13 mm thick, one test sample consist of two identical pieces of substrate connected by chosen sealant. A group of ten industrially-produced, commonly available sealants by three manufacturers is included in the experimental measurements. The research brought an answer to the question of the sealing possibilities of an unprocessed structures and also solved the issue of the most suitable type of sealant meant for this purpose.

Abstract: The overall energy performance of the building is done by selecting the structural design of the building envelope [1], [2]. At present, the builder decides for the final selection of the design (material) solution of a passive house based on mechanical properties of materials, thermal technical properties of materials and cost of materials. Currently is increasing builders who are interested in point of environmental protection in relation to the choice of materials for passive houses. The paper deals with concrete solution of substructure detail and its evaluation in terms of both thermal technical and financial point of view and also in terms of materials and their relationship to the environment.

Abstract: In connection with the significant volume of polystyrene embedded in buildings as thermal insulation, in the next few years it will be needed to solve the matter of its disposal after the end of its life cycle. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) has been used as a flame retardant in polystyrene thermal insulation (EPS and XPS) for the last 50 years. The internationally recognized Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants prohibits future production, use and recycling of materials that contain HBCDD. It also, to a large extent, limits the options of waste management of such materials. European legislation, in particular Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 and the so called REACH Directive, established a binding legal framework for EU Member States which reduces waste management options of material containing HCDBB practically only to incineration. In the coming years, this fact requests fundamental changes in disposal of construction and demolition waste containing the polystyrene insulation and related processes on construction sites in the Czech Republic. The research is based on the analysis of the international and the Czech legislation related to this issue, and the analysis of material and technological context. The paper focuses on possible operational, economic, energy and environmental impact on the construction industry and environment, and compares the current situation in the Czech Republic with other European countries, and assesses the readiness of the Czech Republic to deal with the upcoming legislation changes.

Abstract: During decreasing of the energy demand is within the framework of the idea of sustainable construction not only required to decrease the total energy demand of the buildings, search and solve the critical spots in the building jacketing, but also to use the secondary raw materials as full-value substitutions for commonly used products from the primary raw materials. Recycled materials put into production represent possibilities how to decrease number of acquired virgin materials, need of primary energy and how to decrease risks connected to the waste disposal.

Abstract: The research focused on the analysis of the interaction of the individual components of the system operationally efficient building – indoor environment quality – user has been conducted since 2014 in the Czech Republic by a team of College of Banking (BIVŠ) employees. The purpose of the research is the evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of operationally efficient buildings by their owners, users or facility managers. One of the most monitored research parameters is the rating of indoor environment quality and its influence in physical and psychological fitness and work performance of the building users. Next, there are also other relationships which are examined – as the importance of the indoor environment quality with regards to other building's parameters, its influence of the estate market value and the users' willingness to participate on the creation and keeping of indoor environment quality. The interpretation of gathered data proved a significant difference of the individual users' demands in relation to their individual preferences. This fact is necessary to respect while design and managing the operationally efficient buildings.

Abstract: The number of patients in psychiatric facilities in Slovakia is increasing. Internal environment and appropriate architectural design of the building interior largely affects the health status and course of treatment of patients with psychiatric diagnoses such as depression and seasonal affective disorder. Specialized residential care facilities in Slovakia are often in poor technical conditions and internal environment often does not support therapeutic process, while in some cases it might work even contradictory. Consequence of the absence of standards or/and design guidelines for psychiatric hospitals is visible renovation of existing buildings, as well as in the construction of new facilities. In the process of preparation of architectural guidelines it is essential to summarize the findings of the doctors and other related professionals working in mentioned environments and based on their incentives to specify requirements the architectural or technical design of the space for the psychiatric patients. This article summarizes results based on interviews in five psychiatric clinics in Slovakia and Czech Republic.

Abstract: The paper is oriented on the indoor environment influenced by radiant effect of floor heating. Questionnaire survey has showed problems with providing quality of indoor climate in new office building in Bratislava. The cause of problems was formation of local thermal discomfort, in particular mainly radiant asymmetry. To clarify the radiant asymmetry, there were carried out experimental measurements with thermal manikin in a special microclimatic laboratory for the radiant floor heating. The scientific analysis and the outputs from measurements are presented in this paper. In the conclusion of this paper are introduced principals for designing the offices’ interiors without local thermal discomfort.

Abstract: Oriented strand boards are used to be designed as a water vapor retarder in timber structures. This article presents assessment of latex layer influence on oriented strands boards characteristics. Constructions with latex paint for increasing vapor resistance and constructions with a vapor-proof layer were also compared of indoor air parameters change. The values of hygrothermal properties were monitored in various levels of constructions. Full-scale experiments proved the difference of the humidity phenomena for latex painted boards.

Abstract: This article deals with the assessment of methodologies for water vapor condensation determination and mold growth risk analysis on the surfaces of an organic building structure based on in-situ monitoring, carried out on the structural elements of renovated roof truss above the greenhouse “Květná zahrada” in Kroměříž. The garden including the building is signed on the UNESCO Word Heritage List for its historical and architectonical value. The monitoring was focused on hygrothermal behavior of a particular attic area during winter term 2014 - 2015. The risks of water vapor condensation and mold growth were then analyzed on the basis of data obtained by the monitoring process. These also include measurement and output data accuracy is included as well. The Results were used as recommendation for a control system of forced ventilation in the monitored attic area.