Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 824

Abstract: The contact thermal insulation system is a major trend in building construction in the Czech Republic. In this way both for new buildings and for renovations to improve thermal and technical parameters of buildings. Effort of an extension of the construction season, however, causes frequent visits of the application of this system in unsuitable weather conditions. One of the important layers in the systems ETICS (which is the contact thermal insulation of the building) is the basic layer with glass-fibre reinforcing mesh. Such a cover layer of thermal insulation and at the same time a basis for the final outer layer - plaster. Climatic conditions during application are given by the manufacturer. Normal temperature is indicated by + 5°C to +30°C. The lower boundary is not often observed. That's why I have my research and thesis focused on testing the parameters of the base layer made outside the ideal conditions. I thus produced samples underwent laboratory tests and watching the resulting parameters. This article provides a brief description of the testing methods and their advantages and disadvantages. The methods used were, for example, tests in flexural strength, pressure, water absorption test or tests of beginning and end of solidification. The most important findings of my research were the facts that significantly limit the applicability of standardized tests to determine the beginning and end of solidification. For the base layer samples of 4mm even these methods give very distorted information. Another effort of my research will be to verify these results and determine how it will be necessary to modify the methodology of testing, we received the relevant data. Preliminary hypothesis is at least the size of a substitute specimens - especially reducing the sample thickness from 40 mm to 4-6 mm, which corresponds to the reality of practical implementation. The data obtained would subsequently be used to adjust the rules for testing insulation systems. Data were obtained primarily from my research within VUT FAST brand FAST‑J‑10‑50

Abstract: Added convex window is an additional glazed construction put on the façade from outside which covers the remaining original window in the plane of the façade. It is suitable for energy conscious retrofit and can be applied on new buildings as well. The added construction provides a buffer effect further improved due to the greenhouse effect. Fresh air supply through buffer space decreases the ventilation heat loss of adjacent room. Preliminary calculations, presented in the article prove that considerable energy saving can be achieved even if the façade is oriented towards North. The energy saving is compared with that of the typical retrofit measures. Besides the energy aspect several positive side effects are worth of mentioning such as fabric protection, protection against street-born noise, aesthetic improvement of old ugly-looking buildings.

Abstract: The trend in the components of residential buildings is low energy demand buildings in relation to the minimum costs spent by users for their operation. The main aim of their construction is to improve the energy economy of buildings, to reduce the environmental load in energy consumption, to improve the quality of the interior, to ensure the minimum cost level in the operation of buildings and their maintenance in the life cycle. The consequence of increased energy prices and the possible implementation of tax policies in the countries of Europe is more frequently designing and implementing energy self-contained buildings. This means that energy necessary for the general use of a building can be produced in it to certain extent. The concept of such buildings is not only in high quality heat insulating properties, but also in suitable installed devices utilizing alternative sources. The objective indicator of saving and proof of the required level of a building is an analysis of its real energy consumption. The paper analyzes the energy consumption in a specific house which, in the design phase, met the criteria for designing a nearly zero energy building. The analyzed building has a high thermal protection and uses photovoltaic energy as an alternative source. The main aim is to evaluate the concept of the designed nearly zero energy building and to assess it in relation to the really consumed energy.

Abstract: Building construction drying using high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EMW), or microwave technology (MW), is gaining more usage in practise. It is the quickest way of eliminating water content in construction (wall, ceiling, etc.). Microwave is a term for a part of the electromagnetic radiation of 300 MHz to 300 GHz frequency with a wavelength from 1 mm to 1 m. The frequency of 2,45 GHz and 122 mm wavelength is used for technical practice. Due to the effect of MW radiation a different homogeneity of temperature field can be observed.This article discusses the spreading of the temperature field depending on the water volume and thereby the amount of mass moisture of the material (silica fume). Temperature fields will be shown by the thermo camera at certain time cycles of heating.

Abstract: The trend in the new construction or renovation of buildings is based on reducing the energy demand of buildings. The required energy need for heating and provision of a satisfactory condition of the internal environment is determined by theoretical calculations. However, the fact that a building is energy efficient does not yet mean it is environmentally appropriate as well. Therefore, the environmental impact of building materials should also be assessed in their selection.The problem with restoring old buildings is to find the correct way how to restore the building while preserving its historical value. The paper presents an example of the reconstruction of the school building built in the year 1906. Reconstruction of the old building is a unique example of recovery. The modern and traditional techniques were used in the reconstruction. This is the first building in Slovakia, where is the front facade insulated with ecological materials (sheep wool, cork, cellulose, etc.) from the interior side and also utilization of alternative energy sources. Other parts of facade are insulated from the outside, with straw bales and wood fiber boards. Largely it has been preserving the original character of the building.Different types of wall structures are compared in theoretical evaluations. The criteria for the evaluation are the thermal resistance of construction (according to EU standards and norms), the weight of the wall and the environmental impact (according to OI3 methodology).

Abstract: Thermal energy is necessary of many reasons. The most basic and most obvious includes food preparation and delivery of heat. Thermal energy storage is actually a temporary storage at high temperatures, respectively at low temperatures. It is an advanced technology, which can reduce environmental impact and it can facilitate more efficient and cleaner energy system. Nowadays, these systems have ability to retain thermal energy for a period of three months or more. The aim of design of these systems is to keep the thermal energy in summer period and to use it for heating in winter period. The role of such storage systems is to accumulate the heat, to balance temperature differences and to achieve the most effective use of the collected energy. This paper is focused on thermal analysis of system, which contains concrete tank. It is a system with water as a storage medium and the cooling of the water was monitored for 30 days.

Abstract: Leakage in the building envelope may occur airflow as well as its surface. It brings series of adverse consequences, including the flow of diffuse. The airflow building envelope is allowed through a pressure gradient, which is caused by the difference in temperature and wind effects; if necessary a mechanical ventilation system. Article introduces the analysis which was performed on experimental objects of different wind exposition in situ. In this analysis was measured pressure, relative humidity and air temperature in the interior and exterior, for a period of one year. In the conclusion is evaluated the effect of these boundary conditions on the very existence of the airflow through building envelope.

Abstract: This article refers to the possibility and appropriate using of actual data sets for characterizing exterior conditions applied into the computer simulations or energetic analysis. The need of updated reference years is a consequence of the reason of global warming and climatic changes. There is shown the endeavour of creating the reference year concept as an innovative tool for chosen locality. Visions of following research would be the progressive addition of data sets of wind-driven rain falling to the vertical plane. Location of obtaining the weather data set is a significant factor for obtaining of correct results.

Abstract: One of the main objectives when designing a building must be perform an enclosure that properly insulate from the outside temperature. This façade must protect in the best possible way the inside of the building. In this work, different façade solutions are analyzed using different materials and constructive arrangements. However, most energy loss occurs in the singular points, e.g. the façade-slab connections or open holes in the enclosures. Therefore, the thermal performance of enclosures with different solutions is evaluated. This research provides an overview of the design of façades and singular points that helps to make responsible decisions in the building envelope design in various geographic locations.

Abstract: This paper deals with the development of requirements for the energy-passive construction. The main emphasis is focused on a new categorization of passive houses into classes according to the Passivhaus Institute: the Passive House Classic, the Passive House Plus and the Passive House Premium. The requirement for annual specific heating demand is unchanged, maximally 15 kWh/(m²·a). A new evaluation system of Energy Passive Houses is based on renewable primary energy (PER). The aim of the paper is a description and evaluation of various classes of energy passive houses, including feasibility analysis and model examples.