Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1041

Abstract: This contribution deals with experimental determination of thermal properties needed for transient heat transfer calculation by conduction in highly viscous fluids; which are the density, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. Density was determined by direct method, heat capacity was measured with mixing calorimeter and thermal conductivity was studied with two different measuring equipments. Experimental set up for determination of thermal conductivity was designed and constructed by the author. Results were corrected by numerical simulations in CalA software. All measurement quantities were compared with calculations based on the chemical composition of the substance. The determined thermal properties can be used for calculation of energy performance of heating and cooling of highly viscous fluids.

Abstract: Nowadays, glass is a very popular building material, in various forms (fill openings, insulation, and composites [1]) even if it is primarily regarded as a filler material in the Czech Republic and widely used in residential developments [2]. There is an effort to extend the applicability of glass in the building industry. The article deals with the experimental bending tests of multilayer glasses. The bending tests were performed for the determination of the maximum load capacity at destroying the integrity of the samples. The results of the performed tests were statistically evaluated. The aim was to find dependence between the thickness of the multilayer glass and its load capacity.

Abstract: The issue of optimizing the selection of a suitable building material for new buildings in the Czech Republic is a frequent topic. The paper reviews the methodology of multi-criteria evaluation of non-load bearing walls for the selected criteria.

Abstract: Currently, in the building industry is emphasizes the sustainability of construction. Sustainable buildings have low costs for energy consumption and operations, they are environmentally friendly, able to save natural resources and they are comfortable and healthy for their users. One of the factors contributing to this requirement is also application of more or less known materials and components through modern methods and technologies. Modern methods of construction (MMC) can be the way, how to achieve buildings, that can minimise the negative impacts of building life cycle on the environment. MMC can, in addition to increasing the efficiency of the construction, ensure the requirements resulting from Agenda 20-20-20 in energy consumption. The paper is focused on the research and comparison of two low-energy houses groups from technical and quality indicators point of view and especially from the perspective of relationship between construction cost and building volume. One of the groups is low-energy houses made ​​of bricks by traditional methods (TM) and the second group representative of modern methods of construction are low-energy houses made of ceramic panels.

Abstract: This article is focused on an experimental measurement of settlement of blown insulation from crushed straw. Straw has appeared like building material in recent years. It is ecological and cheap building material which is required for sustainable construction. Straw is usually used in form of bales. These are generally used like thermal insulation filling the supporting structure. An alternative to straw bales can be crushed straw. Crushed straw is not used in building industry currently. Its thermal insulating properties and structure are appropriate to use it like blown or loose thermal insulation. The experimental measurement was necessary to verify application of crushed straw by blowing or bulk and to find out values of settlement. Results of this measurement are described in this article.

Abstract: The development of non-traditional, thermal insulation plaster leads to the development of new eco-efficient materials suitable for insulation and rehabilitation of both existing and new building structures. Optimal function of these materials is then to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. This is beneficial from an environmental perspective. In addition, the development of new, promising, thermal insulation plaster was used innovative, environmentally friendly binders, such as substitution for energy intensive binder - cement. The paper presents the results of development of thermal insulation plaster and research in their hygrothermal behaviour.

Abstract: The monitoring of moisture in building structures is a long solved problem accompanied by a difficult data collection with more complex interpretations. Moisture of structures is very difficult to monitor and evaluate due to its changing not only in the local distribution but especially in relation to time and material properties. The paper is focused on the comparison of measuring instruments designed for immediate detection of moisture in material due to its parameters. For comparison the samples of softwood were selected, which have undergone specific exposing of wet in accordance with terms and conditions of Czech technical standards.

Abstract: Thermal insulation materials based on natural fibers exhibit after incorporation into the construction of higher moisture sensitivity, while high humidity may just be the reason for the degradation of their thermal insulation properties and in extreme cases can lead to a reduction in their lifetime. The paper describes the results of research focused on the study of hygrothermal behavior of thermal insulating materials on the basis of bast fibers and their behavior after incorporation into the building structure.

Abstract: Single-layer mechanical fastening waterproofing systems are often used within the compositions of flat roofs. Although in case of plastic based systems it is a common solution, for bitumen sheets it handles about a relatively new approach, since the application of asphalt has a long history in the building industry.There are some key factors which all of the one-layer mechanically fastening systems should meet, especially water-resistance and resistance against the suction of wind. The application of dynamic loads on the joints may damage the bonds, which may lead to leakage of water. In particular the most delicate locations are the anchoring points at places where the waterproofing sheets are not connected mutually and the wind is captured.Research was focused on the extent at which the strength of the resulting mechanically fastened joints is affected by the placement of fastenings elements within the strip overlap, including the possibilities when the distances from the edge.

Abstract: Hydrophilic panels can be used in extensive vegetation green roof systems as a soil replacement. They are lightweight (also with full water saturation), have certified thermal insulation properties in wet conditions and beyond all, they have laboratory approval of vertical and horizontal drainage ability, similar as a special drainage nep composites.Low weight of panels is further more advantageous in the intensive green roof systems and passive houses– static demands on roof and wall constructions can be dramatically decreased. Special water-accumulation panels can be used in retention roofs. Multiple-layered panels can help with thermal properties of building envelope of passive houses.