Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1041

Abstract: The evaluation of non-renewable primary energy expressing the impact of the environment is part of the energy performance certificate. The evaluation is based on factors of primary energy. New buildings or larger modifications of existing buildings must meet the legislative requirements in the Czech Republic, which are consistent with the requirements of the European Union. On the basis of modeling of different energy sources and different number of energy sources for the selected building are set values of non-renewable primary energy.

Abstract: Contamination of air by solid particles is serious problem for human health and also environment, especially in certain regions of the Czech Republic and Poland. Small particles in nano-sizes are more dangerous than same weight of larger size. Negative effect namely of the solid particles depends on number, specific surface area, respirability and bonding of others substances (e.g. PAH, As, Cd, Zn, Cu etc.) which are higher for smaller (nano-sizes) particles compared to larger one. With the approaching winter, yearly problems with distribution of particles from small combustion equipments arise. The annual emission balance indicate that the proportion of small sources to total air pollution (PAH, dust) is surprisingly expressive [1]. For this reason mentioned above this contribution deals with measuring of amount, and distribution of nanoparticles produced form combustion of wood in small combustion unit.
For combustion test in grave-free stoves were used three samples of wood (wet spruce, dry spruce and raw spruce) and two combustion modes. Nanoparticles from flue gas were characterized by the aperture low-pressure cascade impactor DLPI (separation and weighing of particles in sizes 30 ηm ÷ 10 µm). Wood were combusted in the form of ¼ logs.

Abstract: The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the widely presented benefits of modular construction as compared with traditional construction method. A case study of family house construction by modular building method and traditional method is used to examine the structural, economic and time indicators of individual construction methods. The results are presented in tabular and graphical outputs and are compared each other in regard to different technological parts of the building. The paper provides the comparison of economic and time indicators resulting from budgets and time schedules of construction that are executed for different variants. Such comparison demonstrates exactly the benefits of modular construction. The building based on building modules consisted of steel bearing structure and enveloped by sandwich panels is adopted as the selected modular construction technology. The different variant, applied for comparison of modular and traditional construction, is represented by the building with comparable thermo-technical characteristics, constructed by traditional masonry method.

Abstract: Assessment of building objects including the ones which are referred to as passive, is done solely on the basis of the total energy delivered coming from primary non-renewable energy sources but only for the time being when the evaluated building object is utilized. The article aims to point out the possibility of a multi-criteria evaluation model while comparing two already functioning passive houses, constructed in the same vicinity. The houses are different in each and every aspect. Are constructed from different building materials and both of them do utilize different types of energy required for their operation.

Abstract: The paper focuses on the assembly of equipment in experimental climate chambers with their respective sample envelopes and fenestration systems, which are involved in a measuring experiment. The prime aim is to design a logical and transparent system for gathering, evaluating and storing hygrothermal related data. This contribution further illustrates the installation of measurement points in test samples, the system of monitoring their physical properties, measurement results of roof system of the climatic chamber module and vapour barrier influence in roof structure on temperature damping phase shift.

Abstract: The paper introduces the planning and construction experiences and development ideas of additional insulation of walls made from straw-bale. The energetic refurbishment of existing building is an important priority in the action plan of the EU dealing with the energy efficiency. The additional insulation of walls reduces significantly the energy demand of building but the effectiveness and the thickness of the insulation-material has economic and environmental limits. According to our previous research we introduced that the additional insulation of walls made from straw has significant advantages.The application of straw-bale insulation has large potential in the case of detached dwelling houses in rural environment. The paper introduces through two ready buildings the most important negative and positive experiences of straw-bale insulation. The paper also makes proposals for the development of the technology.

Abstract: For a correct interpretation of the results of the risk analysis are necessary correct input data. Acquisition of data can be different. For logical and numerical methods the expert risk analysis can we ensure data through questionnaires. This can serve as questionnaires experts. Acquisition of data can also be combined with methods for probabilistic analysis.

Abstract: In Iceland appears historically proven construction of the pitched green roof. The material composition and methods of technological implementation create a unique comprehensive bond, which is resistant to frequent changes and fluctuations of the extreme climate conditions. Nowadays, the design of the construction is not being further developed, it does not use modern construction methods, knowledge, materials and also the construction does not meet the requirements of the building legislation in the European Union and in the Czech Republic. The article is an analysis of structural and material design of the original concept of the pitched turf roof originated from Iceland and particularly the theoretical design solution its modernized modification, which is adapted to suit the requirements of the building codes and laws in the European Union and in the Czech Republic. Another discussed problem is the assessment of the impacts of climate phenomena and its effect on the overall stability and behaviour of building physics of the roof structure and the individual layers captures possible utilization of this construction. The grass mats that create the casing of the pitched green roof affect the physical behaviour of the structure, which is discussed on a theoretical basis.

Abstract: Foam glass granulate is environmentally friendly, heat-insulating building material which is made from recycled glass waste. It is a very porous material with low density, with good thermal insulation properties, high static load capacity and almost zero water absorption. The paper deals with the research of the temperature field process in the soil under the floor of a passive house built on a reinforced concrete slab foundation with a layer of compacted subsoil using raw materials friendly to the environment in the form of granules of foamed glass. This method of progressive foundation of the building addresses the elimination of thermal bridges at the base and establish a continuous thermal insulating of the building envelope without thermal bridges.

Abstract: In the last decade we have been confronted with problems with biotic infestation of facades in engineering practice. The presence of microscopic algae and funguses on the facades of thermal insulation buildings distorts the appearance of buildings with green, brown or black coating. The reason for biotic pests beginning to appear on the facades of buildings very often is mainly the enlargement of thickness of thermal insulator ETICS. Thanks to the thermal insulation of facades with large thickness less thermal energy penetrates into the surface or plaster surface. The outer side is warmed up less and therefore it has lower outer surface temperature. Lower outer surface temperatures enable hypothermia of the surface of facades. The hypothermia of facades appears especially at night. The resulting aqueous film is the basic source of the necessary damp needed for the life of algae and funguses on facades of buildings. The presence of damp on the outer surfaces rises significantly depending on the better thermal insulation of walls.