Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1041

Abstract: This paper deals with the hygrothermal performance of timber-frame external cladding in a passive house. The wall and roof assemblies were simulated and analyzed with regard to hygrothermal performance. Different boundary conditions and methods were used for the simulation calculations. The results of the simulations were compared with in-situ measurements, which were carried out at an experimental passive house at East Czech Republic. Due to the results of simulations and measurements, it should be possible to evaluate accuracy of simulation methods for prediction of the hygrothermal performance of the lightweight external cladding.

Abstract: Based on initial measurements that have been performed on a sample wall, partial results of long time monitoring are presented. The wall was lightweight timber-frame construction built in a climate chamber in the laboratory pavilion type Department of Building Constructions and Urban Planning Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Žilina. Article is focused on changes of thermal properties of insulations during day affected by actual weather condition.

Abstract: The article discusses how to test the functionality of air insulations designed for the floor ventilation in historic buildings and follows on from the previously published articles. A flow analysis is being performed on an object of the City of Zirovnice which has been registered in the list of cultural monuments and was built as a brewery in the years 1589-1592 on the site of an older medieval building. The foundations and external brickwork consist mostly of stone. This article brings new air flow readings. The aim of the article is to analyse in detail the air flow in a specific floor void with the aid of modern CFD programs and experimental measurements using the ALMEMO device.

Abstract: Energy saving is one of the main priorities in the building sector. In the last years in Hungary different national programs were launched in order to improve the thermal properties of residential buildings. In case of building refurbishment 40-60% heating energy savings were expected. There were cases when the expected energy savings have not been met. The aim of this research was to see which the refurbishment impact is on the thermal comfort in a residential building. It was found the mean radiant temperature, the operative temperature and the predicted mean vote (PMV) decrease after building refurbishment.

Abstract: Task of controlled ventilation in modern residential buildings is to ensure optimum quality of interior environment and fulfill hygienic and thermal technical requirements guaranteeing comfort of user. The paper discusses development and experimental verification of atypical vertical ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system for residential high-rise building. Recommended concept of solution to façade detail in relation to ventilation system. Conceptual designs of alternatives of air inlet openings of under pressure controlled ventilation system for apartments of atypical vertical geometry. Optimized alternative of air inlet openings in the bottom level of vertical pilaster with function of air distribution channel for ventilation system. Laboratory experimental verification of physical properties of optimized alternative of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system in their development cycle. Hydrodynamic regime of air inlet openings of controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in large rain chamber. Aerodynamic regime of natural controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in large pressure chamber. Acoustic properties of natural controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in acoustic chambers. Comparison by the experiment of verified parameters of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation with design parameters.

Abstract: The main requirements of designing the internal microclimate in swimming pool halls include removing evaporating water vapor and trichloramine (NCL₃) from occurrence area of swimmers. As it is apparent from the differential equation of the mass transfer over the water surface, so with increasing speed above the water level there is increasing evaporation of water vapor at the same time. This is undesirable in view of the requirement to maintaining humidity below the upper limit of recommended limits. The article aims to point out the problem with the releasing trichloramines from the water surface and thus point to a potential increase in water vapor evaporated from the water.

Abstract: Article is focused on the concept of microbial microclimate, and microorganisms. Further described herein are sources of microorganisms. More details in the incidence of building structures. Hereinafter, the way the samples were taken for evaluation of microorganisms on building structures, notably the floors and walls. The comparison was also sampled benches. Samples were evaluated in the laboratory. The Petri dish is clearly shown which microorganisms are present; they are mostly mold and species Penicillium. Overall, they found any major threats of structures which have been taken.

Abstract: The main threats that endanger the historical roof trusses in our geographical conditions are wood decaying fungi and wood destroying insects. For these threats to occur and spread across the historical roof truss, several criteria have to be fulfilled within the indoor environment. These critical criteria include wood moisture, relative humidity, amount of daylight and airflow. In addition to these monitored parameters and their critical values, we must not forget the impact of local geographical specifications and wider dependencies. This article is focuses on comparison of theoretical knowledge in this area with in-situ measurements of historical roof trusses on several reference buildings – churches and chapels in Southern Moravia. These were chosen due to their long-lasting nature and circumstances of the construction. The influence of specific local conditions (especially indoor environment) on the extent of damage is also examined in addition to general comparison.

Abstract: The paper presents the results of in-situ measurements (temperature and CO₂ concentration) carried out on several family houses built in a low-energy, passive or nearly zero standard. Factors of potential discomfort of wooden low-energy houses such as light good-insulated envelope constructions, solar passive gains, air tightness, sensibility of ventilation system and others are analyzed. Results of measurements are confronted with computer simulations and results based on normative methods.

Abstract: The thermal comfort of buildings occupants depends on the physical properties of applied building materials, on the solar heat gains through the transparent part of the external envelope and the mode of heating/cooling and ventilation. Capillary radiant cooling / heating can maintain a state of indoor environment in the required temperature range in accordance with legislative framework. The paper shows possibility how to improve thermal comfort and thermal stability in summer.Presented system uses phase change materials as a latent heat storage medium for better absorption of heat. Microencapsulated phase change materials Micronal® DS 5040 X and DS 5008X were used as latent heat storage medium in combination with gypsum plaster. Activation of phase change materials is carried out by capillary tubes with cooled / heated water circuit. At Institute of Building Structures at Faculty of Civil Engineering are located two rooms for comparative measurements. There were located thermal storage modules in the experimental room. Low- temperature radiant cooling and heating with phase change materials are one of the ways to reduce energy consumption and operating cost for cooling / heating. The paper presents the results of measurements for different modes of operation of cooling and heating.