Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1041

Abstract: Currently it is under pressure to reduce the energy consumption of the buildings. The pressure is noticeably reflected in the current way of building designing, in general. Therefore, essential part of these objects become air-conditioning (ventilation) systems, mainly due to possibilities of heat recovery and controlled ventilation. This contribution focuses on ventilation systems, low energy houses, which aims to highlight the issue of purity of these systems on the microbial level. Evaluate the impact of external and internal environment following the condition of HVAC systems in time, in the real objects. The purpose (aim) of this all is to remind that there are other aspects that have to be considered in the design and subsequently, in the use of the systems, such as the impact of the nature of the building use on the purity of air-conditioning systems. It is necessary to point out that the presented ventilation systems have a significant impact on the creation of the internal environment, and equally they can harm, instead to be beneficial.

Abstract: The modern buildings are becoming more and more different from the traditional buildings, especially regarding their parameters of the indoor environment and low energy performance. For this reason, the real estate market has been looking for new criteria to estimate their market value and to distinguish them one from another. As they are trying to find the most objective parameters for establishing the market value of the buildings on the real estate market their attention focuses also on the quality of the indoor environment. The real estate market perceives a building with high quality of the indoor environment traditionally in the context of the technical, economic and energetic parameters but with higher and higher emphasis also put on social and environmental connections [1,2]. This paper is focused on the analysis of how much the quality of the indoor environment is taken into account in the process of the market valuation of the buildings in modern context.

Abstract: Paper deals with features important for creating healthy microclimate in health care and therapeutic facilities. It presents basic facts about visual, tactile, behavioural, somatic, acoustic and socio-cultural comfort particularly important for spatial design of these facilities.It focuses especially on choice of materials and their surfaces for built-in elements and furnishings which plays crucial role for well-being - comfort. It sets hypotheses that using wood as phenomena by humanisation of microenvironment, it is possible to reach high level of complex comfort.It also shows main disadvantages of using wood in the healthcare and wellness facilities, where belongs particularly more demanding maintenance to keep the surfaces clean and disinfected and water resistant. To prevent these problems, the high resistant chemical /artificial finishing is needed. But with chemical finishing there are lost many positive effects of wood on healthy microclimate.Despite of it there are two hypotheses that are contributing to the statements that wood is suitable for the healthcare facilities. First is that natural wood without additional chemical finishing has antibacterial (antimicrobial) effect. And second is that it is possible to provide a surface modification with the aim to reach the state that wood can be hydrophobic or even superhydrophobic and thus easy to maintain such as adjustment by plasma or by finings based on nanotechnologies and biomimetic. The paper presents examples and own tests supporting these hypotheses.

Abstract: The paper is oriented on the indoor climate of residential interiors. Questionnaire survey in new residential building has showed problems with securing quality of indoor climate. In smaller residential interiors with large glazed surface was this problem bigger. Cause of problems was formation of local thermal discomfort. One of the most serious area of local thermal discomfort is asymmetry of radiation. To clarify asymmetry of radiation, there were carried out experimental measurements in a special microclimatic laboratory for convective heating. In this paper, there is presented the scientific analysis and the outputs from measurements. In the conclusion of this paper are introduced principals for designing the residential interiors without local thermal discomfort.

Abstract: New requirements for the thermal performance of building structures also affect heating equipment solutions. A specific problem is the future of the local heaters in the following well-insulated houses in terms of overheating. This paper discussed some results of the dry bulb air temperature measurement in one of these houses. The article further reported list of the local wood-burning stoves with respect to the calculated heat loss in these houses isolated on the requirements of the standard in 2016 and in 2021.

Abstract: To better utilize natural sources in the performance of buildings during whole year the availability of detail data in time and for specific location plays key role. Such data offers ground measurements or databases of satellite images. Establishment and operation of CIE IDMP ground stations is quite expensive and there are a few active stations on the ground at this time. To study of irradiance availability in specific locality the data describing relevant local radiative conditions are needed. For this reason the satellite images offer sufficient information. The first part of this paper is focused on short introduction to the remote sensing and the Heliosat method. In the second part are presented results of the solar irradiance availability on the horizontal plane and their time changes based on the processing satellite images. The illuminance and irradiance data obtained at ground CIE IDMP station in Bratislava were used to proposed verify model for estimation of the global illuminance from irradiance. Cities Bratislava and Brno are relative close with distance 130 km and similar daylight climate of Central European climatic zone, therefore can be assumed that data from CIE IDMP station Bratislava can represent relation between photometric and radiometric variables and daylighting changes in Brno.

Abstract: Annual availability of daylight depends on exterior luminous conditions. If sunny sky is presented the interiors are illuminated by direct sunlight and diffuse skylight or only by skylight in dependence on the orientation and cloudiness. Under sunless situations only skylight is source of daylighting. The minimum illuminance expressed by Daylight Factor is required for performance of visual tasks by the Slovak standards. Traditionally, the overcast situation with exterior illuminance 5000 lx represents this condition. According to recent studies the occurrence of overcast sky in a year is not dominant in Europe and new metrics are looking for. It was published that minimum 100 lx and adequate of 300 – 500 lx is sufficient for the healthy and comfortable indoor environment. Direct sunlight can produce glare and visual discomfort. Bratislava daylight measurements show that such situations can occur often during a year.The typical daily diffuse and global illuminance courses were selected from Bratislava measurements. The periods in the day of useful daylighting, periods of exterior illuminance below 5000 lx and direct irradiance above 120 W.m^-2 when sunshine can cause glare and overheating were identified in a classroom. Paper presents achieved results, their evaluation and discussion.

Abstract: The study presented in this article aims to evaluate in which extent the interior colour surfaces affects human circadian stimulus. Experimental measurements in model rooms were evaluated by methods presented in studies by Rea et al. [1-3]. Even by high levels of daylight illuminances the colour of interior surfaces influences circadian stimulus, but this effect is not significant. Diminishing of circadian efficacy increases with application of dark blue-deficient colours of interior surfaces and by low intensity of daylight.

Abstract: Daylighting levels in interiors are changed every day since sunrise to sunset in dependence on luminous exterior conditions. Indoors are illuminated by diffuse skylight prevailing time of the year in Central European counties while a lot of sunny situations occur mainly during transitional and summer periods. The later can produce overheating as well as glare or disturbing luminance due to excessive sunlight in the space close to windows. If interiors are designed with screened work places the influence of direct sunlight during working time has to be evaluated.The article will present results of computer daylight simulations in a side-lit office room oriented to cardinal points. The study is focused on daylighting evaluation of the room orientation influence on levels under clear sky conditions and compared with results achieved for the CIE overcast sky model. The calculations were run in software Daylight Visualizer 2.6.7. The daylight simulation show that applying the clear sky model for illumination of oriented rooms, the substantial different illuminances can be resulted compared to outputs from the common overcast sky daylight metrics.

Abstract: Windows are one of the most important parts of the building façade. Their main function is to ensure sufficient illumination of interiors and contact with outdoor environment, either directly or indirectly. The optical properties of the glazed part of these envelop apertures have significant influence on a lot of requirements, which have to be satisfied at the same time. The daylight distribution on the working plane is most affected by the glazing system’s light transmission. This study offers a simple method, how to find the appropriate value of the glazing system’s light transmission in relation to the Daylight Factor, in order to ensure the required daylight distribution in interior.