Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1073-1076

Abstract: China was extremely rich in bamboo resources, many species were selected as representatives of the genus or the genus itself may serve as the type for classification, such as the formations of Dendrocalamus membranaceus.The paper summarized that major types in China were cool temperate bamboo forest, warm temperate bamboo forests and hot bamboo forests. The most common and typical types with high economic value had been included, which were Phyllostachys edulis, Fargesia spp, Neosinocalamus affinis, Dendrocalamus membranaceus.

Abstract: Jilin province has rich forest tourism resources, to develop forest tourism advantages. To strengthen the understanding of forest tourism resources in our province and analyze the current situation of the development of forest tourism, and development strategy research, the development of forest tourism, the revitalization of the economy in Jilin province, to promote the development of forest tourism in Jilin province is of great significance.

Abstract: There is a unique inflorescence composition and stamen structure in Compositae. Stamen structure, filament movement and its mechanism was analyzed and discussed, with cosmos and small sunflowers as experimental materials, by using morphological anatomy, microscopic measurement, tabletting observation. The results showed that: (1) There was a certain regularity in the opening of tubular floral organ in capitulum, of which their movements were initiated from outside to inside. (2) The mainly cause of stamen movement in Compositae came from the changes filaments length. (3) Stamen movement was not a simple physical movement-with filaments shortening, cell structure also has changed. (4) The filament movement in Compositae is not only beneficial to itself fully stretching, but also reduces the interference during pollen spreading.

Abstract: Using the method of resisting vertical force for leaf, the leaves of Caragana microphylla Lam and Hippophae rhamnoides Linn were conducted to test the branch and leaf joining force. The results show that two plants leaves fracture in petiole, when they resist the vertical force, the branch and leaf joining force of the Caragana microphylla is greater than that of Hippophae rhamnoides, and ranges of joining force are 0.92-5.20N and 0.28-1.18N, respectively. The correlation is not obvious between the joining force and branch diameter of the leaf growth and petiole diameter for the two plants, and the correlation coefficient of Caragana microphylla is -0.1965 and 0.1418, respectively, the correlation coefficient of Hippophae rhamnoides is -0.0235 and 0.2655, respectively. But with Caragana microphylla rachis diameter increase, the joining force of its leaflet has a raising tendency. When the two shrubs are eroded by wind, compared with Hippophae rhamnoides, the leaves of Caragana microphylla are not easy to be blown off, that is give full play to the wind-break potency of shelter belt, so Caragana microphylla is the optimal wind-break plant.

Abstract: The soil moisture of three typical P. edulis forests (P. edulis and Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forest, P. edulis pure forest , P. edulis and broad-leaved tree mixed forest ) in the North of Fujian province were studied in comparison with C. lanceolata pure forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest. Based on the routine observation, characteristics of spatial and temporal change of soil water content were studied. According to the roots distribution which were analyzed on different forest stand, the Linear and relationship model were established about the soil water and roots distribution. Results showed that the forest stand roots density decreasing with increasing soil depth, roots density and spatial distribution of soil moisture are related closely.

Abstract: The growth process of tree height and basal diameter of 24-year old of 416 felled individual plants were measured to detect correlation between the early and late growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii. Rank correlation, phenotypic and genetic correlation between height, basal diameter and the tree-age were analyzed. Results showed that height of Larix principis-rupprechtii in early tree-age was closely correlated with that in late tree-age. It was feasible for early prediction and selection. It could select preferred in 2-year old nursery seedlings, and the second suitable selection period was at the age of 9-13. And tree height was a good indicator for early selection.

Abstract: Seedling growth traits of 24 provenances of Larix principis-rupprechtii were analyzed to select superior provenances. Variance and correlation on height, basal diameter, root length, root and stem fresh weight of 1-year old and 2-year old seedlings of those provenances were analyzed. Then correlation coefficients between these growth traits and membership value of height and basal diameter of 24 provenances were carried on. Results showed that variance on growth traits of 1-year old seedlings among 24 provenances were only significant for height, but for basal diameter, height, root and stem fresh weight of 2-year old seedlings. Based on correlation coefficients between growth traits, height and basal diameter were selected for comprehensive evaluation. The top 5 provenances of Larix principis-rupprechtii were Neimeng Balinzuo, Hebei Weichang 1-21, 7-46, 8-75, and Beijing, according to average of membership value of height and basal diameter.

Abstract: Sustainable agricultural systems tend to have a positive effect on natural, social and human capital, while unsustainable ones feedback to deplete these assets, leaving fewer for future generations. Forage crop are critical to sustainable agriculture and contribute extensively to the world economy. Tremendous progress has been made in genetic transformation of forage and turf grasses in the past decade. The rapida dvancement of cellular and molecular biology and transgenic technology provides novel methods to accelerate and complement conventional breeding efforts. This review summarizes the latest advances of breeding forage crop and introduces the development of sustainable agriculture as well as perspectives the important role of breeding forage crop in development of sustainable agriculture in the future.

Abstract: We used PAM fluorometry to examine photosynthetic rates of emerged Hippuris vulgaris in two lakes characterized by different water temperature conditions. The photosynthetic response of emerged Hippuris vulgaris was measured every 2 h throughout daily light cycle from dawn (7 am) to dusk (17 pm). Diurnal changes in the pattern of rapid-light curves (RLCs) were investigated in the field under ambient daylight. Electron transport rates were always significantly higher for emerged Hippuris vulgaris in Five Colored Lake than that for plants in Arrow Bamboo Lake. Moreover, emerged Hippuris vulgaris in Five Colored Lake had higher light saturation. Such a finding suggests higher photosynthetic activity in Five Colored Lake possibly in response to high water temperature. The relationship between the electron transport rates and temperature suggests that this species is strongly temperature -limited.

Abstract: Phenotypic traits (thousand seed weight and plumpness, etc.), germination characteristics (germination rate and nursery germination rate, etc.), growth traits (seedling height, basal diameter, root length, etc.) and photosynthetic parameters of 8 superior families and 3 controls (seed orchard, seed production stand and planted forest) were measured and analyzed to determine the difference of seed germination and seedling growth among Larix principis-rupprechtii families. Results showed that families 7-46, 8-74 and 1-30 performed excellent in aspects of germination index, nursery germination rate, height, basal diameter and photosynthetic rate. Their membership function value was 4-5 times higher than planted forest, 35%-70% higher than the seed orchard and seed production stand.