Ultraviolet Light Resistance on the Properties of Polyurethane Coating with the Addition of Chlorinated Rubber

Abstract:

Resistance to ultraviolet light is an essential factor that coating materials must possess, especially for outdoor applications. In this study, the effect of ultraviolet light exposure on the properties of polyurethane coating with the addition of chlorinated rubber was systematically examined. The ultraviolet light exposure was performed using an ultraviolet weathering tester for 500 hours. The samples were investigated through mechanical testing, complemented by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The increase in the tensile strength and elongation at break of the polyurethane coating with the addition of chlorinated rubber was observed and compared to the pristine sample. In the beginning of the ultraviolet exposure, the tensile strength increased 486% and 114% for pristine polyurethane and polyurethane/chlorinated rubber until of 80 hours ultraviolet exposure, indicating repolymerization during the ultraviolet exposure. It was confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectra which showed an increase in peak intensity at wave number of 1712 cm־ˡ which indicated C=O bond in the polyurethane. The surface morphology showed micro-cracking caused by ultraviolet exposure. Finally, it was concluded that the addition of chlorinated rubber improved the resistance to ultraviolet light.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 1180)
• Pages: 3-11
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-DF9D5g
• Online since: August 2024
• Authors: Opa Fajar Muslim*, Ariadne Lakshmidevi Juwono, Dwi Novriadi, Tulus Tulus
• Keywords: Chlorinated Rubber, Mechanical Properties, Polyurethane, Ultraviolet Aging

References

[1] A. Gomez-Lopez et al., "Poly(hydroxyurethane) Adhesives and Coatings: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions," ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., vol. 9, no. 29, p.9541–9562, 2021.

DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c02558

[2] D. Rosu, L. Rosu, and C. N. Cascaval, "IR-change and yellowing of polyurethane as a result of UV irradiation," Polym. Degrad. Stab., vol. 94, no. 4, p.591–596, 2009.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.013

[3] X. Wang et al., "Preparation and characteristics of crosslinked fluorinated acrylate modified waterborne polyurethane for metal protection coating," Prog. Org. Coatings, vol. 158, no. February, p.106371, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2021.106371

[4] I. J. Gomez, J. Wu, J. Roper, H. Beckham, and J. C. Meredith, "High Throughput Screening of Mechanical Properties and Scratch Resistance of Tricomponent Polyurethane Coatings," ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., vol. 1, no. 11, p.3064–3073, 2019.

DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00726

[5] J. Du et al., "The facile preparation and antibacterial performance of a conductive polymer-PU coating under visible light," Prog. Org. Coatings, vol. 165, no. February, p.106755, 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2022.106755

[6] J. Fu et al., "Research progress of UV-curable polyurethane acrylate-based hardening coatings," Prog. Org. Coatings, vol. 131, no. February, p.82–99, 2019.

DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.01.061

[7] A. M. Patil and R. N. Jagtap, "PU-coating performance of bio-based hyperbranched alkyd resin on mild steel and wood substrate," J. Coatings Technol. Res., vol. 18, no. 3, p.741–752, 2021.

DOI: 10.1007/s11998-020-00438-w

[8] P. Davies and G. Evrard, "Accelerated ageing of polyurethanes for marine applications," vol. 92, p.1455–1464, 2007.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.05.016

[9] X. Zhang et al., "Fabrication of mechanically stable UV-curing superhydrophobic coating by interfacial strengthening strategy," J. Alloys Compd., vol. 886, p.161156, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161156

[10] Z. Zhao et al., "Polydopamine functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposites reinforced the corrosion protection and adhesion properties of waterborne polyurethane coatings," Eur. Polym. J., vol. 120, no. March, p.109249, 2019.

DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109249

[11] Y. Ma, Y. Ye, H. Wan, L. Chen, H. Zhou, and J. Chen, "Chemical modification of graphene oxide to reinforce the corrosion protection performance of UV-curable polyurethane acrylate coating," Prog. Org. Coatings, vol. 141, no. 18, p.105547, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105547

[12] C. Wang, C. Ma, C. Mu, and W. Lin, "Tailor-made zwitterionic polyurethane coatings: Microstructure, mechanical property and their antimicrobial performance," RSC Adv., vol. 7, no. 44, p.27522–27529, 2017.

DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04379a

[13] T. P. Galhenage et al., "Fouling-Release Performance of Silicone Oil-Modified Siloxane-Polyurethane Coatings," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, vol. 8, no. 42, p.29025–29036, 2016.

DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09484

[14] S. Bhargava, M. Kubota, R. D. Lewis, S. G. Advani, A. K. Prasad, and J. M. Deitzel, "Ultraviolet, water, and thermal aging studies of a waterborne polyurethane elastomer-based high reflectivity coating," Prog. Org. Coatings, vol. 79, no. C, p.75–82, 2015.

DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2014.11.005

[15] Q. Tan, F. Li, L. Liu, Y. Liu, and J. Leng, "Effects of vacuum thermal cycling, ultraviolet radiation and atomic oxygen on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy shape memory polymer composite," Polym. Test., vol. 118, no. December 2022, p.107915, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107915

[16] T. P. Aslamazova et al., "Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on the Inelasticity of a Highly Elastic Acrylic Polymer," Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A, vol. 96, no. 10, p.2265–2271, 2022.

DOI: 10.1134/S003602442210003X

[17] M. M. Khotbehsara, A. Manalo, T. Aravinthan, J. Turner, W. Ferdous, and G. Hota, "Effects of ultraviolet solar radiation on the properties of particulate-filled epoxy based polymer coating," Polym. Degrad. Stab., vol. 181, p.109352, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109352

[18] M. C. Adriane Ludwick, Heshmat Aglan, Mohamed O. Abdalla, "Degradation Behavior of an Ultraviolet and Hygrothermally Aged Polyurethane Elastomer: Fourier Transform Infrared and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Studies," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 110, p.712–718, 2008, doi:.

DOI: 10.1002/app.28523

[19] J. Liu et al., "Degradation behavior and mechanism of polyurethane coating for aerospace application under atmospheric conditions in South China Sea," Prog. Org. Coatings, vol. 136, no. May, p.105310, 2019.

DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.105310

[20] O. F. Muslim, A. L. Juwono, D. Novriadi, and Tulus, "Physical properties of polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate foam mixtures," Mater. Sci. Forum, vol. 1028 MSF, p.255–262, 2021.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1028.255

[21] Y. Peng, Y. Wang, P. Chen, W. Wang, and J. Cao, "Enhancing weathering resistance of wood by using bark extractives as natural photostabilizers in polyurethane-acrylate coating," Prog. Org. Coatings, vol. 145, no. March, p.105665, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105665

[22] Y. Zhao, C. Zhao, and J. Shi, "The Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane/Nano-CeO2 Hybrid Aqueous Coating," Polym. Sci. - Ser. A, vol. 60, no. 5, p.671–677, 2018.

DOI: 10.1134/S0965545X18050140

[23] M. Morcillo, J. Simancas, J. L. G. Fierro, S. Feliu, and J. C. Galván, "Accelerated degradation of a chlorinated rubber paint system applied over rusted steel," Prog. Org. Coatings, vol. 21, no. 4, p.315–325, 1993.

DOI: 10.1016/0033-0655(93)80047-E

[24] S. M. M. Morsi, H. S. Emira, S. M. El-Sawy, R. M. Mohsen, and L. A. Khorshed, "Synthesis and characterization of kaolinite/polyaniline nanocomposites and investigating their anticorrosive performance in chlorinated rubber/alkyd coatings," Polym. Compos., vol. 40, no. 7, p.2777–2789, 2019.

DOI: 10.1002/pc.25086

[25] Y. Sun et al., "Antifouling potential of multi-walled carbon nanotubes-modified chlorinated rubber-based composites on the colonization dynamics of pioneer biofilm-forming eukaryotic microbes," Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., vol. 149, no. January, p.104921, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.104921

[26] A. Sakhri, F. X. Perrin, E. Aragon, S. Lamouric, and A. Benaboura, "Chlorinated rubber paints for corrosion prevention of mild steel: A comparison between zinc phosphate and polyaniline pigments," Corros. Sci., vol. 52, no. 3, p.901–909, 2010.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2009.11.010

[27] A. A. Zuev, L. R. Lyusova, and N. P. Boreiko, "Chlorinated isoprene rubbers in adhesive composites," Int. Polym. Sci. Technol., vol. 44, no. 5, pp. T25–T28, 2017.

DOI: 10.1177/0307174x1704400505

[28] M. A. Malysheva, L. R. Lyusova, A. A. Zuev, Y. A. Bryk, and A. M. Chaikun, "Adhesive Compounds Based on Chlorinated Polyisoprenes," Polym. Sci. - Ser. D, vol. 13, no. 1, p.21–25, 2020.

DOI: 10.1134/S1995421220010153

[29] W. Lei and R. Zhang, "Chlorine atom addition reaction to isoprene : A theoretical study Chlorine atom addition reaction to isoprene : A theoretical study," vol. 153, no. 2000, 2000.

DOI: 10.1063/1.481782

[30] Y. Lang, Y. Sun, M. Yu, Y. Ji, L. Wang, and Z. Zhang, "Differential colonization dynamics of marine biofilm-forming eukaryotic microbes on different protective coating materials," Polymers (Basel)., vol. 11, no. 1, p.1–11, 2019.

DOI: 10.3390/polym11010161

[31] D. M. Yebra, S. Kiil, and K. Dam-Johansen, "Antifouling technology - Past, present and future steps towards efficient and environmentally friendly antifouling coatings," Prog. Org. Coatings, vol. 50, no. 2, p.75–104, 2004.

DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2003.06.001

[32] S. F. Thames and Z. A. He, "Synthesis of chlorinated rubber with acrylate and carboxylic acid functionalities," Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 2, p.83–88, 1994.

DOI: 10.1016/0926-6690(94)90088-4

[33] S. Parthiban, P. Rajalingam, and G. Radhakrishnan, "Semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks from castor oil‐based polyurethanes and chlorinated rubber," Polym. Int., vol. 29, no. 4, p.289–292, 1992.

DOI: 10.1002/pi.4990290408

[34] M. Selvaraj and P. Jayakrishnan, "Contributed papers Evaluation of poly ( epoxy-chlorinated composite coating system," Methods, p.361–367, 2015.

[35] J. C. Fernández-García, A. C. Orgilés-Barceló, and J. M. Martín-Martínez, "Halogenation of styrene-butadiene rubber to improve its adhesion to polyurethanes," J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., vol. 5, no. 12, p.1065–1080, 1991.

DOI: 10.1163/156856191X00053

[36] K. Che, P. Lyu, F. Wan, and M. Ma, "Investigations on aging behavior and mechanism of polyurea coating in marine atmosphere," Materials (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 21, 2019.

DOI: 10.3390/ma12213636

[37] D. Huang, Y. Ren, R. Yang, Z. He, and Y. Yao, "Preparation and characterization of a novel ultraviolet/thermal dual-curing thiol-ene/polyurethane acrylate coating," J. Coatings Technol. Res., 2021.

DOI: 10.1007/s11998-021-00464-2

[38] D. S. Jacobs et al., "Surface degradation and nanoparticle release of a commercial nanosilica/polyurethane coating under UV exposure," J. Coatings Technol. Res., vol. 13, no. 5, p.735–751, 2016.

DOI: 10.1007/s11998-016-9796-2

[39] M. Mercedes Pastor-Blas, J. M. Martín-Martínez, and F. J. Boerio, "Mechanisms of adhesion in surface chlorinated thermoplastic rubber/thermoplastic polyurethane adhesive joints," Rubber Chem. Technol., vol. 75, no. 5, p.825–837, 2002.

DOI: 10.5254/1.3547686

[40] M. D. Romero-Sánchez, M. M. Pastor-Blas, and J. M. Martín-Martínez, "Improved adhesion between polyurethane and SBR rubber treated with trichloroisocyanuric acid solutions containing different concentrations of chlorine," Compos. Interfaces, vol. 10, no. 1, p.77–94, 2003.

DOI: 10.1163/156855403763586800