Phenolic Foam from Liquefied Products of Walnut Shell in Phenol

Abstract:

The resol-type resin was prepared with a high yield from the liquefied products of walnut shell in phenol, which was reacted with formaldehyde under low alkaline conditions. The effects of reaction temperature and time on the yield and viscosity of the resol resin were investigated. Results showed that the optimum resol resinification conditions were a reaction temperature of 80°C and a reaction time of 2 h. The biomass-based resol resin from liquefied products of walnut shell was successfully applied to produce phenolic foam with diisopropyl ether as the blowing agent, Tween 80 as the surfactant and hydrochloric acid as the catalyst, respectively. The obtained foams showed satisfactory mechanical properties and a uniform fine cellular structure.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 236-238)
• Pages: 241-246
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.236-238.241
• Online since: May 2011
• Authors: Yuan Bo Huang, Zhi Feng Zheng, Hao Feng, Hui Pan
• Keywords: Formaldehyde, Liquefaction, Phenol, Phenolic Foam, Resol Resins, Walnut Shell

References

[1] A. Knop and L. A. Pilato, in: Phenolic Resins, Chemistry, Applications, and Performance, Springer-Verlag Publishing, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (1985).

[2] H. Kishi and N. Shiraishi: J. Jpn. Wood Res. Soc., Vol.32 (1986), p.520.

[3] N. Shiraishi, H. Ito, S. V. Lonikar and N. Tsujimoto: J. Wood Chem. Technol., Vol.7 (1987), p.405.

[4] S. Pu, M. Yoshioka, Y. Tanihara and N. Shiraishi, in: Adhesives Technology and Tropical Wood Composites, Forest Products Society: Madison, WI, USA (1994).

[5] H. Ono, T. Yamada, Y. Hatano and K. Motohashi: J. Adhes., Vol.59 (1996), p.135.

[6] D. Maldas, N. Shiraishi and Y. Harada: Adnes. Sci. Technol., Vol.11 (1997), p.305.

[7] S. H. Lee, Y. Teramoto and N. Shiraishi: J. Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol.84 (2002), p.468.

[8] Z. F. Zheng, J. C. Zou, B. Hua, H. J. Zhang and R. Wang: Journal of Southwest Forestry College, Vol.26 (2006), p.33. (In Chinese)

[9] Z. F. Zheng, J. C. Zou, H. J. Zhang and M. Ling: Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, Vol.27 (2007), p.31.

[10] L. Lin, M. Yoshioka, Y. Yao and N. Shiraishi: J. Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol.52 (1994), p.1629.

[11] L. Lin, M. Yoshioka, Y. Yao and N. Shiraishi: J. Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol.58 (1995), p.1297.

[12] M. H. Alma, M. Yoshioka, Y. Yao and N. Shiraishi: mokuzai Gakkaishi, Vol.41 (1995), p.1122.

[13] M. H. Alma, M. Yoshioka, Y. Yao and N. Shiraishi: Holzforschung, Vol.50 (1996), p.85.