Numerical Simulation of Crude Pipeline Using Moisture-Heat Coupled Thermal Equation

Abstract:

Temperature plot is crucially important for numerical simulation of high waxy crude pipeline because of its non-Newtonian behavior at low temperature. As the fluid temperature drops below than the wax appearance temperature, the viscosity of the crude increases dramatically. Thus the needed pressure has a possibility to reach the maximum allowable pressure and cause a potential risk for the pipeline itself. To avoid this, numerical simulation of the temperature plot along the pipeline is necessary in order to obtain accurate information. However, as the temperature governing equation is a non-linear equation and the soil temperature field is also being involved. It is required to solve the surrounded soil temperature field. In the paper, the governing equation for one dimensional crude pipeline and the new moisture-heat equation for the soil (porous medium) are presented and the iteration algorithm to solve this coupled equation is given. With the algorithm and the coupled heat-moisture equations, the numerical results are obtained and have a very precise coincidence with the experimental results. Then a reliability based method is used to evaluate the flow safety of one pipeline in China. With the presented model and obtained results, the flow safety evaluation results show that the safety of the crude pipeline is assured in the test cases.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 268-270)
• Pages: 154-159
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.268-270.154
• Online since: July 2011
• Authors: Bo Xu, Xiang Dong Xue, Zhi Qiang Yao, Long Wang, De Ji Wang, Feng Zhu, Lian Feng Huo
• Keywords: Crude Pipeline, Moisture-Heat Coupled Equation, Non-Coupled Equation, Non-Linear Problems, Numerical Simulation

References

[1] J. Chen, D. Yan and J. Zhang: 15th World Petroleum Congress, Pipeline Transportation of Waxy Crudes in China, October 12 - 17, 1997 , Beijing, China.

[2] X. Cui and J. Zhang: Determination of the thermal influence zone of buried hot oil pipeline on steady operation, Journal of the university of petroleum, 28(2), (2004).

[3] R. Fletcher, Practical Method of Optimization, ISBN 0-471- 91547-5, Wiley, (1987).

[4] G. W. GEE: Water movement in soil as influenced by temperature gradients, Washington, Washington state university, (1966).

[5] Petroleum and natural gas industries-Pipeline transportation systems - Reliability-based limit state methods (ISO16708) ISO, (2006).

DOI: 10.3403/30114954

[6] J. Liang: Operation and Processing of Hydro Carbon Pipeline, ISBN 978-7-5021-7858-1, Petroleum Industrial Express, (2010).

[7] Q. Miao and B. X: Application and Significance of Flow Assurance on One Crude Oil Pipeline in North China, CCDC, (2011).

DOI: 10.1109/ccdc.2011.5968302

[8] Q. Miao: Flow Assurance Technique of Hydro Carbon Pipeline, ISBN 978-7-5021-7844-4, Petroleum Industrial Express, (2010).

[9] J. R. Philip, D. A. De Varies: Moisture movement in porous materials under temperature gradients, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 1957, 38(2) p.222.

DOI: 10.1029/tr038i002p00222

[10] B. Wendroff: On Centered Difference Equations for Hyperbolic Systems, J. SLAM., Vol. 8, 1960, p.549.