Advanced Materials Research Vols. 457-458

Abstract: To achieve bath analysis of Barium and Calcium in ferroalloy, potassium chromate is used to precipitate Ba²⁺ and Ca²⁺ & Ba²⁺ is tested in filtrate/filter residue with EDTA and Fe²⁺ after acidification, respectively. Short-cycle analysis, single testing sample used and effectively shielding of hetero-ions are the main advantages of this method. Under situation where immediate testing is needed without any specialized analytical equipments, this method will be practically effectual.

Abstract: In this study in order to investigate the behavior of AA5083 aluminum sheet during high-temperature bulge forming a material model was used which accounts for the strain-rate sensitivity, the hardening and the softening of the material, the evolution of the grain growth and the phenomenon of the cavitation. The results obtained from the finite element commercial codes MSC.Marc® and ABAQUSTM were compared.

Abstract: Brno University of Technology solves in the long term the problem of alpha gypsum preparation by dehydrating the gypsum in the solution of chloride salts. This study verified that alpha-gypsum can be trouble free prepared by gypsum dehydration in solution of a number chloride salts, among others CaCl2, MgCl2 or NaCl. In the same time it was found that owing to the different electro-chemical behavior of Potassium ions, the by heat conditioned reaction of gypsum with the KCl solution the dehydration doesn’t take place, but a partial substitution of Potassium ions by Calcium ions takes place. The product of this reaction is the mineral görgeyit, K2SO4.5CaSO4.H2O.This important problem was solved by reduction of the extremely electro-chemical high mobility of Potassium ions by the method of the mixed chloride solution with Potassium and Sodium ions, the mobility of which is in comparison with the preceding only one third. Samples of hemihydrate in the solution of mixed salts were prepared and tested in conclusion of the research.

Abstract: Earthen buildings come in a vast variety of shapes and sizes, made from materials like fired clay, compressed dirt and a mixture of clay, sand, straw and water. People have been using various forms of earth to build structures for centuries. The aim of this paper is to find better knowledge about Chogha Zanbil as an earth architecture based on material, structural and architectural conditions. Earth architecture includes vernacular and historical architecture drawn from many cultures and periods in different countries. Chogha Zanbil’s materials are included mud bricks and walls that are earth building’s elements. The result has shown mud bricks as good materials can be develop in new buildings and applications.

Abstract: Rammed earth is a technique for building walls using the raw materials of earth, chalk, lime and gravel. Rammed earth is a structural wall system built of natural mineral soils compacted in thin layers within sturdy formwork. People have been using various forms of earth to build structures for centuries. The ancient „rammed earth‟ building technique has been used in Neolithic architecture sites and modern buildings alike. From underground green homes to other futuristic green houses. Modern architecture is a new architectural style that emerged in many countries in the decade after World War I. It was based on the “rational” use of modern materials, the principles of functionalist planning, and the rejection of historical precedent and ornament. This paper is included many examples of structures made from rammed earth using modern architecture. The result has shown the earthen buildings create safer, more people-friendly buildings. The earthen buildings are very low in embodied energy, and extremely comfortable to live in based on modern architecture.

Abstract: This paper presents the modern architecture in the current century. Modern architecture is a new architectural style that emerged in many countries in the decade after World War I. It was based on the “rational” use of modern materials, the principles of functionalist planning, and the rejection of historical precedent and ornament. Modern architecture was adopted by many influential architects and an architectural educator, gained popularity after the Second World War, and continues as a dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate buildings in the 21st century. According to this research, The Modern movement also referred to controversially as a style by some bound morality, technology and art together. Morality in that there was an aim to improve humanity's lot, notably whole scale demolition of slums to make way for clean modern housing. This paper presents the role of modernism in architecture. In this paper has been shown the influence of modernism in humanity and countries.

Abstract: This paper focuses on the thermo-mechanical behaviors of shape memory alloy (SMA) board with a crack subjected to bending load. The stress field near the crack tip of SMA board is described according to the solution of linear elastic mechanics. The phase transformation behaviors of SMA board are formulated based on Zhou’s one-dimensional phase transformation model. The phase transformation zone equation is derived to describe the phase transformation zone near the crack tip.

Abstract: By means of the theory of complex variable functions, dynamic extension problems concerning symmetrical mode Ⅲ crack were researched. The problems considered can be very facilely translated into Riemann-Hilbert problem by the measures of self-similar functions, and the general expressions of analytical solutions of the stress, the displacement and dynamic stress intensity factor under the conditions of motive variable loads Px2/t and Pt2/x2 which were applied the surfaces of mode Ⅲ crack, respectively, were gained.

Abstract: In this study, many experiments are developed to analyze the deformation properties under unloading of soft clay. There are many settlement deformation analyses about soft soil ground in the past. Now we need analyze the rebound deformation in many engineering. Deformation properties under unloading of soft clay have been studied through large numbers of tests. The soft clay’s rebound defamation existed critical unload ratio, When its unload ratio is less than critical unload ratio, rebound deformation doesn’t happen; But rebound deformation would happen if unload ratio is more than critical unload ratio; The soft clay deformation after unloading is divided into three parts included primary rebound, secondary rebound and appending secondary consolidation deformation.

Abstract: SiC whisker was introduced into reaction bonded silicon carbide to produce high performances composite by slip casting and reaction sintering. This study aimed at morphology of SiC whisker in the reaction bonded silicon carbide ceramics. The whisker was homogeneously dispersed into SiC/C suspension by ball-milling and ultrasonic dispersion. By chemical etching, the whisker displays the original burl profile on the polished surface of the composite. The raise of whisker fraction leads to an increase of porosity of the green body; and thus a decrease of density of the sintered body. For the specimen with 25 wt.% whisker, the rapid reaction of carbon with excess molten silicon leads to the missing of burl profile on the whisker surface. It is speculated that β-SiC on the whisker surface dissolved in the molten silicon during liquid silicon infiltration.