Advanced Materials Research Vol. 487

Abstract: In the last mile of optical access network, FTTX such as fiber-to-the-cabinet, curb, building, home and node construction cost per subscriber has always been a concern for the network operators. In order to cost down the fiber and transceiver deployment, passive optical network (PON) are developed to replace active point-to-point (P2P). Also the splitter placement problems are issued that make efforts to reduce fiber and splitters deployment cost. Cost down the optical components in PONs is one of the successful elements for building the business of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). For an example of insertion loss (IL), a traditional 1x12 splitter module which is cascaded by one piece of 1x2 (67%:33% power ratio, 2.6dB:6.2dB IL) and 10 pieces of 1x2 (50%:50% power ratio, 3.7dB IL) splitters, the IL of module is 2.6+3.7x3=13.7dB. An economical and innovative 1x12 splitter module presented in this paper could be cascaded just by one piece of 1x3 (IL: 5.4 dB) and 3 pieces of 1x4 (IL: 7.2dB), the IL of module will be 5.4+7.2=12.6dB, 1.1dB less than the former. In the case of 1x36, an innovative one is cascaded by 4 pieces of 1x3 and 9 pieces of 1x4 splitters (IL: 18dB) to replace the traditional one which is cascaded by 35 pieces of 1x2 splitters (IL: 19.9dB). Another case of 2x24, an innovative one is cascaded by 1 piece of 2x2, 2 pieces of 1x3 and 6 pieces of 1x4 splitters (IL: 16.3dB) to replace the traditional one which is cascaded by 1 pieces of 2x2 and 22 piece of 1x2 splitters (IL: 17.4dB). Finally, bundle with less IL, the economical multi-output splitter module can be successfully built up by this novel fiber coupler manufacturing apparatus and method.

Abstract: Internet worms have been a severe threat to the Internet infrastructure and hosts recently. However, because of its outbreak of a sudden and massive make the worm’s research facing enormous challenges. This article describes a simulation system based on NS2 worm - WSS. First, by processing BGP routing table information to the Internet used for simulation of the abstract network, then the model-based epidemiological model of worm propagation, and finally in the two in NS2 combination to achieve the simulation of worm propagation. Experiments show that, WSS can get in a lab environment similar to actual worm outbreak statistics, in understanding the macroscopic behavior of the worm, the worm flow forecasting, transmission speed and damage have a wide range of applications.

Abstract: Fuzzy Structure; Fuzzy Parameters; Reliability; Membership Function Abstract. This paper takes the fuzzy mathematics' reliability analysis as study object, has conducted the research to the fuzzy parameter system's reliability; comparing with traditional reliability analysis, obtained more precise fuzzy reliability confidence interval formula and carried on the proving based on cascade system, which has solved the computation complexity and the low precise problem in the tradition fuzzy reliability analysis's mass fuzzy operation. Method in the paper has certain promotional value in the fuzzy problem's research. It solved some problems such as the traditional fuzzy reliability analysis in the mass caused by the calculation of fuzzy computing complexity and low-precision. The emphasis of the article is divided into two parts: One is analysis and discussion on traditional module reliability analysis method and the fuzzy number membership function; the other one is proposing one new fuzzy parameter reliability analysis method and the conclusion, based on the former analysis.

Abstract: The effects of NiO-doping on the microstructure and piezoelectric properties of PMSZT ceramics were investigated. The experimental results indicate that pure perovskite structure was obtained in the doping range. With the increasing of doping amounts, phases shift from tetragonal phase to rhombohedral phase. The mechanical quality factor (Q_m) , Dielectric constant (ε_r) , electromechanical coupling factor (K_p) and piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) increase with the increasing of doping amounts and then decrease, whereas, dielectric loss (tanδ) decrease and then increase. The ceramics with doping amount of 0.1wt.% sintered at 980 °C have the optim properties of Q_m=1345, ε_r=1853, K_p=0.62, d₃₃=375 and tanδ=0.21%。

Abstract: Sialon matrix composites were prepared from a reaction mixture of Si₃N₄, Al₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ powders and reinforced with Fe₃Al obtained by mechanical alloying, which also can assist sintering at a low temperature. The specimens were sintered by two–step hot pressing and then characterized for phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. The effect of the Fe₃Al variables on the mechanical properties was studied.

Abstract: The biodegradable composite films were prepared from corn stalk microcrystalline cellulose as filler and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) as polymeric matrix. The crystallinity, the tensile properties and the thermal properties of the composites were tested. Corn stalk microcrystalline cellulose was distributed in PVA films as the crystalline state. The results show that the tensile properties and thermal properties were improved with the addition of corn stalk microcrystalline cellulose. When corn stalk microcrystalline cellulose mass fraction was 10%, both temperature of initial decomposition and maximum weight loss rate of composite film were raised by 19.25°C and 17.17°C, and the tensile strength increased by 37.91%, and the elongation at break increased by 58.93% compared to those of pure PVA.

Abstract: Tannic acid (TA) was modified by sulfanilic acid (SAA) using HRP catalysis in aqueous phase. The structure of modified TA was characterized by FTIR. The tanning properties of modified TA have been studied by the tanning test together with aluminum and chrome tannages. The tanning results show that the modified TA is suitable for use as pretannage and in combinaton with chrome and aluminum tannage. The shrink temperature (Ts) of leather tanned using 6% modified TA and 2% chrome tannage can reach to 92.0 oC by the modified TA and and chrome tannage by sequential step. The applied leather has merits of good uniformity, fullness, softness and fine grain. With this method, the dosage of chrome tannage is lessened and environment pollution is alleviated.

Abstract: The sodalite was prepared with metakaolin by the ionothermal method in deep eutectic solvent(choline chloride/urea). Such factors as the Na₂O/SiO₂ ratio, crystallization temperature and time had effects on the structure and property. The high crystallinity and purity of sodalite can be obtained at the Na₂O/SiO₂ ratio of 3:1, and the temperature of 180°C for 60h. The product was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscopy.

Abstract: In this paper, the low-velocity impact behavior of the 3D angle-interlock woven glass-fiber/epoxy composites (3DAWCs) were tested and analyzed under several levels of impact energies. The energy-time curves, deflection-time curves and load-deflection curves were obtained to show the impact damage behavior. It was found that the damage magnitude increases with the impact energy, and the composite structure can effectively reduce the in-plane shear failure. In addition, the failure modes were also photographed to illustrate the damage mechanisms of the3DAWCs.

Abstract: Nitrogen removal from salt-bearing aquaculture wastewater was investigated at different chloride concentration using dynamic membrane bioreactor. Using the activated sludge model No.1 (ASMl) to simulate the DMBR by Biowin, the results showed that changing the values of KO,H, KNO and bH, the model values of NO3--N and TN was almost same to the experiment values, the deviation were about ±0.4% and ±0.4% respectively. KO,H, KNO and bH were critical factors affecting the effluent quality when the influent concentration of chloride changed. The value of KO,H and bH increased from 0.36 and 0.04 to 1.0 and 0.27 when chloride concentration improved to 750mg•L-1.However the values of KNO decreased from 0.5 to 0.1 with increasing chloride content from 0mg•L-1 to 1500mg•L-1.