Advanced Materials Research Vols. 512-515

Abstract: In modern building, it is the irresistible trend to combine intelligence and ecology, for such intelligence-ecology building, ecology is goal and intelligence is method. In such building, comfortable for human being and natural environment preservation is not conflict. In order to achieve the ecology goal, which means energy-saving, environmental-protection, green-earth, and to utilize the natural resource in most efficient ways, it has to use the intelligent technology. In intelligence-ecology building, the comfortable for human body and zero-consumption of energy can be accomplished simultaneously by using intelligent technology to raise the solar energy usage substantially and to utilize the clean energy efficiently in heating, ventilating, refrigerating, and power- generating.

Abstract: Solar water heater has been heavily used in building, but in high-rise building the application of solar water heating system has many difficulties. In seismic zone, solar energy system has strict design requirements as non-structural elements of the building. These restrictions seriously hinder the application of solar energy system in high-rise buildings. Considering the limitations of the use of solar energy in seismic-zone high-rise building, some measures are taken by architectural building integration, structural measures integration, piping layout integration and by optimizing parameters of the solar water heating system. These measures could solve some technical difficulties of solar water heating system in high-rise building in seismic zone.

Abstract: This article on a villas in Langfang city, Hebei province, heating and air conditioning systems. According to the owners of the double requirement of energy saving and environmental protection to owners selection of solar energy and geothermal heat pump heating system combined. To better achieve heating and air conditioning energy saving operation of villas, the system can be run by optimizing the control scheme, time-sharing partition building heat adjustment.

Abstract: Thermal energy storage is the main way to ensure solar power plant to generate electric in the form of stable and continuous. In this paper, a structure optimization model for large-scale, commercialization solar thermal energy storage system is proposed according to life cycle analysis. Based on the analysis of thermal energy storage medium, thermal energy storage tanks, insulation, bottom bearing structure, pump energy and land use, the optimization of thermal energy storage system is realized. Finally, the structure optimization design for 50MW solar power plant is implemented and storage tank’s geometric parameters are calculated. This research can provide technological support for large-scale application of solar thermal generation.

Abstract: In this work, cadmium sulphide (CdS) buffer layer of CuInSe2 (CIS) thin film solar cell is fabricated by separate-melting Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) methods. The reason of adopting the CdS thin film as the buffer layer of CIS thin film solar cell is that the CdS can act as energy gap buffer and reduce the band-offset between CIS absorbing layer and the Transparent Conductive Oxide layer. The CdS thin films are generated by the separate-melting CBD methods in situation of atmosphere. In order to analyze the characteristics of the CdS thin films conveniently, the CdS thin films are firstly fabricated on Soda-lime, and the final found optimal CdS thin film is fabricated on the CIS/Mo/Soda-lime glasses. Then the p-n diode characteristic of the CdS/CIS/Mo/Soda-lime glasses is measured by four-point probe. And the CdS thin films are fabricated by the separate-melting CBD methods through various combinations of time interval from 40 and 60 minutes and temperature range from 70,75,80 and 85°C. It is found that the combination of 85°C and 60 minutes is optimal to obtain smoother surface and more uniform thickness of CdS thin film. Additionally from optical characteristic analysis, in situation of emitted light wave length 500 nm, the transmittance of the cadmium sulphide thin film is 61%. Meanwhile, the band gap is close to theoretical value of 2.4 eV.

Abstract: In order to meet the applications of the solar power air-conditioning, solar power generation and in the high-end flat plate collector domestic market and architecture, the study on the middle-high temperature solar selective absorption coating has attracted people's attention. In this paper, SS-N-O and SiO₂ were used as the absorption and the minus reflection film. The high-performance middle-high temperature flat solar selective absorption coating with excellent optical properties (absorption ratio was greater than 0.92 and the launch ratio was less than 0.09), strong oxidation resistance and weather resistance was prepared by the use of magnetron sputtering technique. By controlling the process parameters and the experimental tests of the optical properties, a good performance SiO₂ minus reflection film was obtained, and then combined it with SS-N-O to form a relatively inexpensive gradient coating which could meet the relevant performance requirements. The experimental results show that: in the conditions of that the vacuum degree was 2.8 × 10^-3 Pa, sputtering voltage was 268 V, argon gas flow was 4.0 sccm, oxygen flow rate was 0.7 sccm and the sputtering current was 1.3 A, borosilicate glass 3.3 was used as a carrier, the SiO2 minus reflection film which reflectance and transmittance were respectively 0.121 and 0.740 was obtained by 30 minutes of stable magnetron sputtering. This minus reflection film was combined well with the gradual double-layer absorption film SS-N-O, and the absorption rate was increased by 0.049.

Abstract: The preparation and characteristics of ZnO(Zinc oxide) co-sputtered TaO (Ta oxide) electrodes(ZTO) grown on glass substrates using a specially designed composite target for use in organic solar cells are described. It was found that both the electrical and optical properties of the ZTO films were critically dependent on the Ar/O2 flow ratio and sputtering power. In addition, all ZTO electrodes show amorphous structure regardless of the Ar/O2 flow ratio, due to the low substrate temperature. We obtained the ZTO electrode with sheet resistance of 30 Ohm/square and average optical transmittance of 80% in room temperature. The conversion power efficiency by using ZTO electrode at optimized conditions is 2.6 %.

Abstract: The data of four sets of the sun radiation testing system in Hohhot was processed by the method of standard deviation to get the highest relative accuracy as a model with data. By comparing the measuring value with the calculating value of clear-sky solar radiation model established, it is found the model is only fit for the sunny day, moreover the lager percentage of sunshine is, the model is more appropriate. This model can meet the practical needs of general engineering and also can be used in the analysis of building energy efficiency

Abstract: Through the study on the project, we can easily find that if we do not need heat the whole day, adopting the dynamic load method to calculate the heating load is more advisable compared to adopting a steady-state one, especially when we select the equipment. After establishing the mathematical model of the project, under the premise of meeting the heating load, considered the economy, the optimal solar collector area of this project is 11.1 square meters. In addition, through simulating the project, we can learn that the best azimuth of solar collectors in Shanghai is south by east 22.5 °.

Abstract: Besides silicon wafers, the metallization of solar cells is the most expensive process in the mass production of solar cells nowadays. Therefore, the development of cost-effective metallization technologies is very important for the reduction of manufacturing cost. In this article, we will introduce two novel approaches for the metallization of c-Si solar cells: (i) electroless plated Ni and electroplated Cu; (ii) photoplated Ni and Cu. It is believed that high efficiency and low cost solar cells can be fabricated taking advantages of the improved metallization methods.