Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: Using glucose and N-butylamines as the main feedstocks in the normol pressure, a novel green surfactant alkyl glucamines was synthesized through hydroammonolysis reaction in the presence of recombination macromolecule organic acid as catalyst. The synthesis technical of alkyl glucamines was studied systematically. The results showed that the conversion was more than 65% when the quantity ratio of glucose to amine was 1︰4, pH was 8.5 around, reaction temperature was 50°C for 60h about. The reaction mechamnism and kinetics of glucose hydroammonolysis was discussed simultaneously. The kinetic model on the synthesis of alkyl glucamines was built： ＝ －0.0117 t －1.3502. The correlation coefficients of the model were gained precisely, and the model was credible by the statistical test and experiment.

Abstract: Trypan blue is generally used to stain mycorrhizal hyphae, but trypan blue is also possible carcinogenic to humans. The present research conducted to develop a simple and nontoxic mycorrhizal staining technique with red, blue and black inks and acetic acid solution combined with different staining times in roots of Prunus salicina grafted on Amygdalus persica. After cleared with 10% KOH and acidified with 0.2 M HCl, the root segments were stained with 0.05% trypan blue or 5% ink-acetic acid solution. We found that root mycorrhizal colonization was no significantly different between 0.05% tryblune staining for 5 min and 5% blue ink-acetic acid staining for 3-8 min, and mycorrhizal colonization stained with other red and black inks-acetic acid solutions was significantly lower than those with 0.05% trypan blue. In addition, using 5% blue ink-acetic acid staining for 3-5 min could exhibit better contrast and clearly visible intraradical and extraradical hyphae, vesicles and arbuscules. It suggests that a simple and safe technique for staining arbuscular mycorrhizal structures with 5% blue ink-acetic acid solution for 3–5 min could potentially substitute trypan blue staining and exhibit good contrast and visible mycorrhizal structures.

Abstract: The adsorption of CO2 on a non-woven fabric with activated carbon before and after dipping treatment has been studied. It has been found that dipping treatment with Na2CO3 and KOH can improve the adsorption of CO2 on the non-woven fabric. KOH is a better dipping agent than Na2CO3. High temperature is beneficial to the adsorption of CO2 on the fabric dipped with KOH. With increasing relative humidity, the adsorption efficiency is decreased for both original fabric and that dipped with KOH. Increasing adsorption layer number can improve adsorption efficiency. However, when the number of adsorption layers exceeds 3 the increased amplitude of adsorption efficiency is obviously reduced, while the pressure loss of the system is remarkably increased.

Abstract: In this paper, free cutting austenitic stainless steel containing rare earths was investigated. The machinability tests were conducted by using an YDC-Ⅲ85 dynamometer on a CA6164 lathe. The metallurgical properties, machinability and mechanical properties of lead-free “green steel” were compared with those of the conventional austenitic stainless steel. The results have shown that globular shape MnS inclusions were obtained, and rare earths elements were enwrapped in sulfides. The machinability of austenitic stainless steel containing sulfur and rare earth was improved. A satisfactory mechanical property was attributed to the formation of globular shape sulfides. Lead can be replaced by sulfur and rare earth, and environmentally undesirable substances can be eliminated.

Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a catalytic ozonation system for the treatment of humic acid(HA) as simulated wastewater by use of the rare earth and transition metal complexing γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts(RTCC) in aqueous solution at room temperature. In the reaction, HA was removed by the joint effect of ozonation and catalytic oxidation. Experimental results showed that the optimum technological conditions were calcination at 723 K, pH of 11 and 1:1 ratio (La (NO₃)₃/ Mn (NO₃)₂) for the preparation of RTCC. The ozonation with RTCC induced a significant degradation efficiency of HA in UV absorbance, as compared to ozone alone was 21.11% higher after 30 minutes reaction. The RTCC samples were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images.

Abstract: Fe₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/attapulgite(ATP) catalyst was used for Fenton reaction to degrade an anion surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)，in an aqueous solution. Comparative studies indicated that Fe₂O₃/ATP-catalyzed Fenton system and Fe₂O₃-catalyzed Fenton system have the same catalysis capability. These two systems all have a widely pH range (2-10), and the catalysts can be reused and have no secondary pollutants. It also can be seen that Fe₂O₃/ATP-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction has much efficiency than Fe₂O₃-catalyzed Fenton reaction.

Abstract: This article has discussed the application of fly ash in the building materials, engineering, farm and industry aspects in detail. At last, it has analyzed the future of application.

Abstract: TiO₂/Gr powders were fabricated by hydrothermal method. Their micro-structure was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed TiO₂ particles anchored on the Gr sheets. DRS analysis indicated there was an obvious red shift of the absorption edge of TiO2/Gr compared to that of TiO₂. The experiment of photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) showed that the degradation rate with TiO₂/Gr was 2.40 times as much as that with TiO₂. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was firstly attrib_{Subscript text}uted to the rapid transfer of the photogenerated electrons from TiO₂ to Gr, which could increase the charge carrier separation, limit their recombination, and enhance the photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the extended light absorption range may also contribute to the enhanced photocatalytic performance.

Abstract: This paper investigated the copper (Cu) ion desorption performance from the Cu-ion adsorbed triethylenetetramine-functionalized polymeric adsorbents (P-TETA). The influencing factors including desorption agent, desorption acid concentration and solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio were investigated. It was found that nitric acid and hydrochloric acid (as different desorption agents) gave almost identical high desorption efficiencies. In addition, higher concentration of nitric acid may not result in higher desorption efficiency, and the best desorption efficiency (about 95%) for P-TETA was achieved by 0.25 mol/L nitric acid. Furthermore, the desorption efficiencies with the four selected S/L ratios were all of high value and showed almost no difference. The Cu ion desorption kinetics of Cu-ion adsorbed P-TETA was found to be extremely fast and more than 85% of the desorption efficiency was achieved within 4 minutes. Six cycles of adsorption-desorption-adsorption showed only a slightly decrease in both the Cu ion adsorption capacity and Cu ion desorption efficiency for P-TETA adsorbents.

Abstract: Calcium looping technology is an attractive method for CO₂ capture in dual fluidized bed combustion (FBC) reactors. The major limit for this technology is that the capture capacity of CaO-based sorbents sharply decreases with increasing cycle numbers. Attrition and consequent elutriation of CaO-based sorbents from FBC reactors also limit its application. In order to overcome these shortcomings, doping with framework materials is shown as a promising potential solution. Therefore, this work looks at a review of the CO₂ capture capacities of CaO-based sorbents doped with different framework materials, such as aluminate cements, kaolin, aluminum oxides, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, and lanthanum salt. The synthetic sorbents have a better performance in CO₂ capture capacities than the original sorbents in long term carbonation/calcination cycles.