Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: Vicious or severe loss mainly refers to total or complete lost circulation which occurs in fractured or cavity formation and requires repeated particulate materials or cementing slurry sealing，which is a major technical problem accompanied by drilling engineering. The special gel is an association polymer with good rheology property designed to cure severe lost circulation, which can form a type of reversible supramolecular structure(dynamic physical molecular network, rather than chemical cross-linking) by the intermolecular force of supramolecular. The gel has good shear-thinning property which can provide the gel be pumped and flow in pipes easily and flow with high viscosity and resistance in the zone porous. And the gel has visible viscoelasticity that the gel have high displacement efficiency to cut off the connection between the formation fluid and the drilling fluid in borehole. And the gel is hard to be diluted by formation fluids for its apparent viscosity and strong cohesive force. Therefore, the gel is potential to control severe lost circulation accompanying with water zones or overflow and loss coexist. In field application, the gel was successful to deal with several severe loss complexities in Sichuan and Changqin oil fields in China.

Abstract: In this paper, poly β-hydroxy butyrate (PHB) was extracted from H2 production fermentation residue of photosynthetic bacteria, the best separation and extracted conditions was optimized, the interaction of different factors affecting the extraction rate of the PHB was analyzed, the molecular weight and the purity of extracted PHB were also studied. The results showed that the best method of cell broken were multi-bead shaker for 10 minutes, then boiled and frozen broken at -5°C; With chloroform and ethanol extracting PHB, the best extracted conditions were extracted temperature 40°C, extracted time 90 min, PHB production could reached 7.6% of dry cell weight, the purity of PHB reached 88.2%; Using response surface method analysis the correlation of different factors affecting PHB extraction rate, extracted pH value was the most significant factor, followed by cell concentration, and extracted temperature was the weakest factor, the best extracted conditions calculated were extracted pH value 8.2, cell concentration 475mg /L, extracted temperature 44°C, the maximum extracted rate of PHB reach 8.13% of cell dry weight; The molecular weight of extracted PHB samples among 0.36~0.45×10⁶ daltons, GC analysis showed that the relative peak area ratio of extracted PHB sample and standard was 0.96:1, the purity was coincident with the standard PHB to meet the industrial application requirements.

Abstract: The Limonite/TiO₂ combined microspheres are prepared and used to treat phenol in source water. The experimental results show that Limonite -TiO₂ combined microspheres have high purifying effect on phenol in source water. When the dosage of Limonite/ TiO₂ combined microspheres is 1.5g,solution pH is 4.5,reaction time is 90min,light intensity is 1600(x10 lux), the removal rate of phenol in water is the best,and reaches 87.77%.So, Limonite/TiO₂ combined microspheres can be used to treat phenol in source water.

Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of Limonite/TiO₂ combined microspheres dosage,solution pH, reaction time,light intensity on the removal rate of phenol in source water.Based on the single factor experiment, the experimental conditions are optimized by quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design.The quadratic orthogonal regression model of removal rate of phenol(y) to four factors of Limonite/TiO₂ combined microspheres dosage(x1),pH(x2),reaction time (x3)and light intensity (x4) is established as Y=88.64+4.43X₁+ 6.69X₃+3.75X₄-4.79X₁²-13.20X₂²-4.21X₃²-2.69X₄²+8.06X₁X₂-6.76X₁X₃-4.45X₁X₄.It can conclude from the model that when Limonite/TiO2 combined microspheres dosage is 1.5583g,solution pH value is 4.5095,reaction time is 102.12min,light intensity is 1710.8（x10 lux）,the yield(y) reaches the maximal(95.83%) and consistent with the confirmatory experiment result..

Abstract: Land use is the result of the interaction between the Nature and the Man; the change of land use not only affects landscape pattern changes, but also affects ESV. The paper is based on RS and GIS technology, taking Changshou district of Chongqing as an example. We select and calculate the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (SHDI), landscape fragmentation index (LTFI) and landscape dynamic index (K), to analyze the landscape pattern changes, and the theories of ESV is used in this paper. The results indicate: In 2002 and 2009, the total of patches increases. The area and the patches of forest land, brush, town and construction increase, while the area and the patches of the paddy, dry land, and the unused land reduce. SHDI and LTFI increase slightly. ESV ascends from 191million yuan to 197million yuan from 2002 to 2009, the net ascending value is 61million. The results show the ecological environment has improved a little in Changshou.

Abstract: Ultrasonic intensity has a great influence on the concentration of cavitation bubbles. Considering the characteristic of cavitation, in this paper, we propose a method of measuring the amount of cavitation bubbles to identify the change of cavitation intensity indirectly. First, acquires images of reaction liquid under the action of the certain power ultrasonic through machine vision technology; then, obtains micro bubbles quantity generated by ultrasonic cavitation; finally, establish the mathematical model between cavitation intensity and amount of cavitation bubbles to indirectly detect the change of ultrasonic cavitation intensity.

Abstract: Yellow Stone National Park (YNP), USA, is well-known as its glorious travertine geomorphology as well as Huanglong National Scenic District in Sichuan, China. But there were some difference between them. The travertine deposition of YNP were formed from geothermal activity, meanwhile Huanglong Scenic District is located in high attitude and cold area and the travertine deposition appeared in the cold water. With the increasing attention to global carbon cycle, origin of life and the life action in the extreme environment, the geothermal travertine formation origin and mechanism were focused by the scientists from different field. The research plan was also a part of “the Mars project”. The reason was that the Mars’s surface environment is similar to that of the ancient Earth. This article reviewed the research results of the microbiology diversity, community structure and distribution, function gene and special microbial carbon metabolism passway in the hot spring of YNP. We also summarized the biological factor in the process of the travertine deposition of YNP. After comparing the research progress on the travertine deposition between YNP and Huanglong Scenic District, we put foreword the further strategy to understand the biological effect on the travertine deposition of Huanglong Scenic District.

Abstract: By using a 1D column geometrical model this paper carried out research on the effects of CO2 penetration on the caprock properties. The result show that due to CO2 ingression the formation water environment changed greatly. The pH reduced to 3.8 from initial 7.48 and then buffered to 5.6; The supercritical CO2 reached to 0.006 m in the caprock, but aqueous CO2 reached to 1.1 m. The self-sealing efficiency worked after about 25 years, and the relevant minerals were calcite, quartz, kaolinite and calcite. The research will provide some technical reference for site selection of CO2 geological storage projects and CO2 leakage assessment.

Abstract: In order to develop high-performance carbon, the orthogonal test was used to optimize the conditions of modification. Meanwhile,the carbon as a carrier was modified with sodium carbonate solution under the optimal conditions.The amount of total surface acidic functional groups and BET surface were determined. And the adsorption behavior for phenol was inspected.The results show that under the conditions of Na₂CO₃ concentration of 1.5mol/l, soaking time of 2h, activated time of 3h and activated temperature of 500°C, the best removal rate could be obtained, the adsorption of phenol was155.83mg/g and improved 69.33% than the unmodified carbon’s. The BET surface of modified activated was 971.78m²/g and improved 4.44% than the unmodified carbon’s, the amount of total surface acidic functional groups reduced but the alkaline enhanced. Both Freundlich and Langmuir model of sorption isotherms could reflect the adsorption behavior of modified activated carbon for phenol, while the Freundlich model was more properly.

Abstract: Characteristics of Zeta potential of a stable oxidative poly-Si-Fe (SOPSF) coagulant was studied with Nano Zetasizer, in comparison with that of polyferric aluminum (PFA). The results showed that the reaction between polysilicic acid (PS) negative charged and Fe positive charged is complicated, instead of a simple electro neutrality process. The Zeta potentials of SOPSF are almost near to the isoelectric point at higher concentration, while the Zeta potential of PFA is about 20 times that of SOPSF carrying negative charges at the same concentration. But after dilution, the Zeta potential of SOPSF is about equivalent to that of PFA.