Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: he expression of the floral regulators DFL, a LFY/FLO homologue from Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium was examined during short day light treatments. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR experiments showed that DFL was expressed in the vegetative apices and throughout the shoot apex following photoperiodic induction. After 5 days of induction, DFL expression was increased markly and expressed in highest levels after 20 days induction. Expression of DFL in the shoot apex at the time of floral determination indicating that DFL gene is involved in the first steps of the transition from vegetative to reproductive development.

Abstract: Straw active carbon was manufactured from sunflower straw by phosphoric acid. The adsorption was studied by considering the effects of various parameters on the removal rate of Cu2+ such as the dosage of absorbent, adsorption time, temperature and pH. The results showed that the absorbent was efficient, the removal ratio of Cu2+ up to 98.3% with an adsorbent dosage of 16 g•L-1, a pH of 6.0, at 25°C and absorption time of 4 hours. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations can describe the adsorption equilibrium well. The negative values of the adsorption enthalpy △H and the absolute values>42 kJ•mol-1 indicate the exothermic chemical adsorption character. The negative changes in free energy (△G) indicate that the adsorption is a spontaneous process, The negative values of the adsorption entropy △S indicate the more restricted mobility of the Cu2+ on the carbon surface than in solution.

Abstract: China is a country with a large lakes, with the development of social economy, the water pollution of lakes is more serious, lake’s eutrophication has become the major environmental problems of the China's lakes and reservoirs. This document explains through the investigation and evaluation environment to analyze the current situation and the pollution of Jingbo Lake, and puts forward countermeasures and pollution control environmental protection measures for management of Jingbo Lake, develop and provide technical reference of Jingbo Lake.

Abstract: Numerous index decomposition analysis approaches have been reported in the past 30 years. However, the selection of different methods appears to be arbitrary, and little consensus has been reached on which is the superior method. Between 2001 and 2009, 10 different methods have been used to identify the factors (i.e. production effect, structural effect and intensity effect) influencing on China’s industrial wastewater pollutant (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) discharges. From the aspect of theoretical foundation, adaptability, ease of use, and ease of result interpretation, these methods are compared. Results show that: (1) LMDI 1 is a superior approach because of zero residual error in decomposition, no zero values problem in data set, simplicity in formula, and wide range in usage situations. (2) the average effect changes of industrial wastewater changes of COD discharges in China is 14.89 ×104 t with production effect, structural effect, and intensity effect were 72.97×104 t, -6.93×104 t and -80.94×104 t, respectively. (3) production effect was the major factor responsible for the rise of COD discharges, accounting for 45% of the total contribution. (4) structural effect contributed to the decrease of COD discharges with a small effect of 4% in total contribution. (5) intensity effect had an dominant decremental effect in COD discharges.

Abstract: Abstract. Hydrogen sulfide in biogas is one of the most obstructive factors on utilization of biogas as fuel gas. At present, a domestic desulfurizing process of biogas in wide-spead use is the ferric oxide process. But this process has its disadvantages: the high cost and difficult regeneration of the desulfurizer, the secondery pollution the process caused. As a new technique, the bio-desulfurization of biogas has drawn more and more attention recently. This dissertation, with the experience of engineering abroad bio-desulfurization, is focused on providing a clue or a reference for the research and application of this technique in the future.

Abstract: Grassland ecosystems plays a very important role in the global carbon cycle，But measured data is very lack. In this paper, based on the ground survey data of grassland in fourteen provinces in 2008 and satellite remote sensing data, biomass carbon storage in grassland ecosystem in China is estimated. The main conclusions are as follows: China's total grassland area is about 331.41×104 km2, the total biomass carbon storage in grassland ecosystem in China in 2008 was 951.73 TgC, The carbon storage in aboveground and belowground were 161.99 and 789.74 TgC respectively. Carbon storage of Underground was about 5 times more than that of aboveground. China's grasslands are mainly located in the northern arid and semi-arid regions and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Inner Mongolia has the highest total vegetation carbon storage. Heilongjiang province is the area which has the highest above-ground biomass density, while the lowest area is Ningxia province. warm-temperate shrub-tussock provides the largest portion of carbon storage in Chinese grassland vegetation (29.66%).

Abstract: This paper studies the effects of the Juglone on improving the photosynthesis of the peony growing in the summer field, and alleviating the photosynthesis inhibition in the two months of July and August, by using the 0.06mg/L Juglone extracted from the C.cathayensis exocarp, one kind of the forestry waste, to insufflate the peony leaf surface.The research results show that ,by comparing the peony leaf after procession with the control group, the Pn summit values of the photosynthetic rate improve by 10.5% and 12.8% respectively, and the photosynthesis noon-break is greatly shortened; the stomatal conductance variance of the leaf is not big, but the Ci content decreases significantly; the PSII photochemical efficiency of Fv/Fm reduces by 20% and 26% respectively; ΦPSII decreases by 18.1% and 19.9% respectively;between the time period 10 am and 1 pm, when the sunlight is the most sufficient, the contents of the chlorophyll qP decrease by 10% and 11.6% respectively,and the contents of the NPQ increase by 17.3% and 14.3% respectively. The research results show that Juglone could greatly reduce the summer sunlight harm on the photosynthetic system of the peony leaf chloroplast, and improve the light utilization rate of the peony leaf.

Abstract: As the only drinking water source of Tianjin, Yuqiao reservoir had experienced several algae blooms in recent years, which had adversely impacted on the safety of drinking water supply and reservoir management. In this article, the relationship between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables has been evaluated in inter-annual and seasonal scale using factor analysis and liner regression method base on the monthly monitoring data covering the period of 2004-2009. The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus (TP) played governing roles in phytoplankton biomass in most seasons (i.e. temperature in winter and summer; TP in autumn); COD (chemical oxygen demand) presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in autumn and BOD (biological oxygen demand) shows opposite trend with it. However, a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn. The results indicate that interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity, which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability, and hence, advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.

Abstract: The five surface soil samples were collected in along zhonghuan road of Jiaxing city. According to different solubility in acid and alkali solution, the soil organic matters were divided into different kinds of components such as fulvic acid, humic acid and Humin. Both humic acid and minerals were extracted by sequence and the images were displayed in assistance of scanning electron microscope. Different extraction time and extraction conditions were optimized and the methods were established in the last. Correlations between organic matter content, pH value and contents of HA were fitted and a linear relationship was found between OM and HA. On the help of SEM, different structure of HA and minerals were found that images of HA were columnar and that of mineral were Massive. It is just the reason that why the OM has great sorption ability than the minerals.

Abstract: In this study, flavor nucleotides were extracted from beer yeast paste as flavor enhancer for soy sauce. RNA was extracted by concentrated saline method with single factor experiments and L9(34) matrix experiments, and then hydrolyzed by 5’-phosphodiesterase which was obtained from malt rootlets to gain 5’-nucleotides as flavor enhancer. Results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows：12% yeast concentration, 100°C of extraction temperature, 10% of NaCl concentration and 4h of extraction time and the yield rate of RNA was 6.83%. The yield of 5’-nucleotide was 7.528mg/mL which was higher than other methods. When 5’-nucleotide was added to soy fermentation solution at the ratio of 2.5:1(v:v), taste of the new soy sauce products was much excellent.