Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: The snowstorm is one of the main disasters in prairie pastoral areas of China. Once the snowstorm happens, the human and the domestic animals in prairie pastoral areas will suffer the total destruction in a short time. Therefore, it is especially important to forecast the risk of the snowstorm disaster scientifically and reasonably. This paper proposed the snowstorm disaster risk assessment model in pastoral areas based on environment & disaster monitoring and predicting small satellite. After the massive experiment monitors and the contrast confirmation with the disaster situation data in National Disaster Reduction Center, the model forecasting result and the disaster situation statistical data have good uniformity from the space position and the risk degree. Case study shows that the snowstorm disaster risk assessment model is practical and feasible, and it provides important scientific method to further improve snowstorm disaster risk assessment ability in pastoral areas.

Abstract: Heavy metal (Zn, V, Cr, Co, Cu and Pb) concentrations in bottom sediments from Tuo River in Suzhou City have been analyzed for determing their average levels and distribution concentrations, and statistical analysis (correlation, cluster and principle component) have been taken place for evaluating their lithogenic and/or anthropogenic sources. The results imply that the concentration of metals following the order Co>Zn>V>Cr>Cu>Pb with homogeneous distribution. The lithogenic metals (V, Cr and Co) are enriched out of the city, whereas the anthropogenic (industry and vehicle related) metals (Zn, V, Cu and Pb) are enriched in the city.

Abstract: In order to provide some possible scientific guidance for the investigation to puff dispersion of hazardous gas, some theoretical methods were used to deduce the critical parameters for description of puff dispersion behavior. In addition, some important issues such as how to distinguish dense gas dispersion from non-dense gas dispersion and the whole process to investigate a typical puff dispersion problem are also discussed. Finally some useful algorithms for standard deviation of concentration distribution over time, standard along-wind dispersion coefficient, et al. are deduced. These results can be potential scheme for puff field tests, wind tunnel experiments and especially for numerical simulations.

Abstract: The scope of civil aviation transportation ranges from ground to upper air, which the impact of emission varies at the vertical geographical altitude. The aircraft emissions near the airport have very bad effects on the low-altitude environment. The LTO emission calculating methods based on ICAO、EPA and FAA have been analyzed, then the emission results have been calculated and done the comparative study in this paper. The sameness and difference have been remarked on the EI, TIM of the calculation methods. At last the paper refers to the some concerns at the time of developing emission evaluation scheme.

Abstract: To investigate the environmental levels and profiles of PCDD/Fs, samples of ambient air, soil and river sediment were collected from a typical regional without industrial pollution in southern China. The results showed that the mean PCDD/F concentrations samples were 0.0053±0.0054 pg/Nm3 in air, 1.9075±0.0562 pg/g in soil and 1.1422±0.0144 pg/g in sediment, respectively. The results also showed that PCDFs were predominant in all air samples, and it was opposite in the soil and sediment. The PCA indicated that the congener profiles of PCDD/Fs in the soil and river sediments were similar, but different from the samples in air.

Abstract: In order to select adaptable plants in lead-zinc tailings of Huize, tailings soil and natural colonized plants on tailings were researched. The results showed that Cd polluted badly soil, the content of Cd in lead-zinc tailings soil of Huize was 515.19 times of natural soil in Yunnan; Pb and Zn were major factor of pollution in tailings, the content of Pb and Zn in lead-zinc tailings soil were 120.92 and 78.44 times of natural soil in Yunnan. The heavy metal content have decreased with prolonging accumulation time, and the heavy metal content of tailings edge is significantly lower than the center. There were a lot of natural colonized species on lead-zinc tailings of Huize, ten species were dominant. The ten species were far way from critical levels for hyper accumulator, but could grow under heavy metals stress and have a high tolerance to Pb and Zn, so can be considered as pioneer plants of revegetation in lead-zinc tailings of Huize.

Abstract: Sap flow of trees was controlled by climatic variables and a time lag presents between them. In this study, Time lag between sap flow and climatic factors was analyzed for willow in the Ordos Plateau. The result shows that sap flow velocity lags behind net radiation about 110 minutes and there is almost no time lag between net radiation and sap flow velocity.

Abstract: In order to investigate trace elements of precipitation on Tibetan Plateau, a total of 34 precipitation samples have been collected from individual precipitation events at the Shigatse Meteorological Station located in the south Tibetan Plateau in 2008. All samples were analyzed for 12 elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Ag, Ba and Pb) by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result showed that the average concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Ag, Ba and Pb were 0.22 μg L-1, 0.17 μg L-1, 2.47 μg L-1, 16.52 μg L-1, 0.07 μg L-1, 1.04 μg L-1, 2.52 μg L-1, 0.29 μg L-1, 0.09 μg L-1, 0.04 μg L-1, 31.54 μg L-1 and 0.10μg L-1, respectively. The concentrations of elements were generally comparable to other background sites, and much lower than urban areas. The enrichment factors indicated that coal combustion along with vehicle and industry emissions may be the main sources of pollution elements.

Abstract: This article has introduced and evaluated the various methods of study on carbon emissions, and makes a comparison on the research conclusion by using these methods. We has classified the influence factors of carbon emissions into three primary factors such as technical factor, structure factor and scale factor, respectively including six secondary factors such as carbon emission intensity and energy intensity; energy structure and industrial structure; economic scale, population size.

Abstract: CO₂ is the most frequently implicated in global warming among the various greenhouse gases associated with climate change. Chinese government has been taking serious measures to control energy consumption to reduce CO₂ emissions. This study applies the grey forecasting model to estimate future CO₂ emissions and carbon intensity in Shijiazhuang from 2010 until 2020. Forecasts of CO2 emissions in this study show that the average residual error of the GM(1, 1) is below 1.5%. The average increasing rate of CO₂ emissions will be about 6.71%; and the carbon intensity will be 2.10 tons/10⁴GDP until year 2020. If the GDP of Shijiazhuang city can be quadruple, the carbon intensity will be half to the 2005 levels until 2020. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference with which the Shijiazhuang government can formulate measures to reduce CO² emissions by curbing the unnecessary the consumption of energy.