Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: A method for getting high quality Pb isotope ratio analysis using ²⁰⁷Pb-²⁰⁴Pb double spike method has been developed at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), which corrected the mass fractionation effects during small amount Pb loading isotopic analysis by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), with the minimum amount of 8×10^-9g Pb per load. The double spike method effectively improves in both precision and accuracy without recourse to excessively rigorous loading or run conditions. Over a period of fifteen months accuracy double spike tested for Pb standard SRM981 in SIO isotope laboratory, an external precision of ±0.0038、±0.0040、±0.0122 (2σ, n=53) was obtained for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷ Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb rations, although the small amount Pb loading, which present a same excellent accuracy and external precision as other laboratories reported. Therefore, this method is superior to precise and accurate isotope analyses of low level Pb concentration geological and environmental samples, and will be a highly powerful tool in the future of earth sciences and environmental sciences.

Abstract: The atmospheric diffusion and concentration distribution of radon (emanation rate is 6.06 Bq/m²s ) emanating from the flat ground uranium tailings impoundment at various heights(0m, 10m, 20m, and 30m) are simulated. The numerical results show that the different height of the tailings impoundment will mainly influence the radon concentration that could change in the range of 16~250 Bq/m3 at the downwind region of 0-300m. The radon concentration and annual effective doses for public from radon decrease sharply with the increasing distance away from tailings impoundment, are higher than that of the decommissioned uranium tailings impoundment (its height is 30m, radon emanation rate is 0.74 Bq/m²s ). The annual effective doses for public from radon are highly up to 1.12 mSv/a, and are 0.12 mSv/a greater than the national standard in the range of 800m. Considering the difference of average radon emanation rate and other factors, the protective distance from radon should be adjusted appropriately.

Abstract: The textile industry is usually a high carbon industry. Based on material flow analysis’s tow fundamental and well-established scientific principles of system approach and mass balance, input-output model is introduced to track CO₂ emissions from China’s textile sector. Estimations showed that the textile sector was responsible for 2.7% of China’s production sectors’ direct CO₂ emission, ranking 10th among defined 53 productions sectors. And the total CO₂ footprint for producing domestic and foreign final use by textile sector was at 208 Mt CO₂ with 95% from domestic energy use, directly and indirectly, while 93% for supporting exports.

Abstract: Climate changes seriously affect people's daily life, extreme climate events continue to occur throughout the world during 1961-2008. This research 1961-2008 by 51 meteorological stations in Xinjiang, the precipitation and temperature data, show that rising temperatures continue to increase 0.08 degrees Celsius per year and precipitation continues to increase for the 0.71 mm per year in Xinjiang. Climate models were used PRECIS to simulate how the regional climate might change during the present century. The climate of Xinjiang was found to be likely to be even more problematic in the years 2080s than it is at present.

Abstract: With the continuous development of China's industrialization process and economic, ecological and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, if we do not take effective measures to solve them, they will seriously affect the sustainable development for economic-based society. On the basis of analyzing the status and problems of China's environmental taxes, we study the environmental tax system of promoting sustainable development from the point of view that improves the environment-related taxes.

Abstract: There was a large quantity of sulfate reducting bacteria (SRB) in crude oil, and the existence of the SRB could cause the reduction of S, forming S2- which could react with Fe in the pipes, storage tanks and other equipment. FeS could absorb colloid oil drops; the FeS colloid particle came into formation. The abundant existence of the FeS colloid in the oil-water surface transition layer generally caused the bad oil-water separation. The FeS colloid could attach on the panels of the electric dehydrator, it caused the increase of the conductibility between the panels, and even caused the breakdown of the electric field intensity, the electric dehydrator was out of work. After the formation mechanism analysis, the FeS colloid impact on the dissociated water, the dehydrator-water and the electric dehydrator had been studied. It came to the conclusion that when the FeS colloid particle concentration went beyond 30mg/L, there was FeS in the dissociated water; when the FeS colloid particle concentration went beyond 100mg/L, the electric intensity was lower than 500V/cm, the product oil contained more water than 0.3% standard.

Abstract: This paper uses unary compressibility fluid movement theories and combines with years of design practice, calculates airflow movement parameters of the nanometer fiber cartridge filter cleaning system, discusses relations of the parameters and the effect on the cleaning efficiency of the parameters. The theoretical analysis results can make a significant contribution to the basis for the subsequent works.

Abstract: As one theory of ecological economics, the theory of ecosystem service gets wide attention and rapid development from the beginning, and to find a way out on how man and nature conduct a healthy and sustainable long-term development. While ecological compensation is an important mechanism to protect sustainable economic development and ecological environment reconstruction, and is a powerful tool to improve ecosystem service function. The two are closely related, and to develop in contradiction and unity with each other. This article is based on related research of ecosystem service function, summarizing the research on ecological compensation mechanism in China and abroad, and to propose the development enlightenment.

Abstract: A full-field investigation was conducted of vacuum-enhanced far-infrared thermal desorption of clay soil polluted by r-Hexachlorocyclohexane (RH). It demonstrated that vacuum-enhanced far-infrared thermal desorption process is effective for remediating RH contaminated clay soil. The thermal desorption rate (C_E) were improved under such conditions: thermal desorption time 20 minutes, thermal desorption temperature 200 °C, vacuum 0.05MPa and water content 15%. The mass balance of RH was verified after 20min of reaction. The residue RH was distributed in the condensate, whereas the soil and active carbon contained lower amounts of RH.

Abstract: Hydraulic residence time (HRT) is one of the key design parameters controlling the removal efficiency of contaminants and nutrients in subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS). A two-dimensional axisymetric finite element software called SEEP/W was used to simulate unsaturated and saturated flow within SWIS. The paper presents a methodology by example for estimating residence time distribution (RTD) at the design stage of SWIS.