Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: This paper presents a continuous atmospheric heavy metals monitoring system (AMMS-100) for heavy metals analysis based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology. The AMMS-100 is used to collect the sample automatically with filters and then measure the concentrations of heavy metals by XRF. The accuracy of AMMS-100 for heavy metals analysis has been verified by the standard method. The relative errors, such as Pb and Fe, are lower than 10%. Moreover, the AMMS-100 can be used for long-term continuous monitoring the atmospheric heavy metals under different weather condition. The AMMS-100 described herein presents a continuous system for accurate analysis of atmospheric heavy metals with long-term stability.

Abstract: The PAHs contents in water of the provincial control section river are within the range of 58.3~1328.5μg/L with an average of 387.72μg/L in winter, within the range of 5.9~188.4μg/L with an average of 77.46μg/L in autumn, within the range of 16.7~1203.3μg/L with an average of 475.05μg/L in summer, respectively. The Benzo[a]pyrene was not detected. It is suggested that PAHs in water of the provincial control section river mostly came from combustion sources.

Abstract: Based on conventional meteorological observation data of Taklimakan Desert Hinterland Weather Station from 2004 to 2008, and these data were analyzed with the correlation coefficient method, and the correlativity between meteorological factors and pan evaporation and related regression models were established, as well as its fit precision was also tested. The results were shown that there was an extremely significant positive correlation level between pan evaporation and 2m average wind speed, average temperature and sunshine duration in the Taklimakan Desert Hinterland, while it presented an extremely significant negative correlation with the average relative humidity on the annual scale; but in different seasons, the meteorological factors that affected the evaporation pan evapotranspiration were different, all regression models that were established between meteorological factors and pan evaporation reached an extremely significant level, and this method was simple. In the fitting results of pan evaporation in the different seasons, through the inspection with root mean square error method, the fitting precision in spring was highest, followed by autumn> summer> winter.

Abstract: To effectively design daylight in buildings, daylight availability data are necessary. Although there is a great potential of daylight energy in Iran, its use is hindered by absence of measured data. In this paper the illuminance data on vertical south facing surfaces of Tehran were estimated using IESNA model. For this propose an illuminance measuring set was used for measuring vertical illuminances for standard times over 20 days at one minute intervals from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Then the measured data were compared with IESNA model calculated data. A regression model between measured and calculated data was developed which showed an acceptable linear correlation (r2=0.9535). Also mean hourly and monthly vertical illuminance was obtained from the new equation between measured and calculated data for a whole working year. To estimate daylight availability, frequency curves for vertical illuminance on south facing surfaces were created.

Abstract: In order to estimate nonpoint source pollution loading of the Chaohu Lake Basin, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus of sediment, soil and water samples in five typical sub-catchments have been measured. Combining with routine monitoring data of the five sub-catchments of the Chaohu Lake, emission of nonpoint source pollution from these catchments were described and estimated with the reformative practical-mean concentration method. The results indicated that nonpoint source pollution contributed 79 % total phosphorus and 58 % total nitrogen to total loading. Thus, nonpoint source pollution was the primary cause of degrading water quality of the Chaohu Lake. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus were mainly from Hangbu-fengle River and Nanfei-dianbu River. Therefore, among five effluents of the Chaohu Lake, Hangbu-fengle River and Nanfei-dianbu River were the dominant sources for degrading water quality of the Chaohu Lake.

Abstract: In order to investigate the quality of agricultural environment in Wuxi, agricultural soils in 371 sampling points of seven areas in Wuxi were sampled and tested for heavy metal concentrations. Single and compositive pollution indexes were used for the evaluation of the soils. The results showed that the level of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils of Wuxi is low, and the average compositive pollution index is 0.514, a safe grade. But the compositive pollution indexes in Binhu, Xishan and Suburb districts were higher than 0.7, a cautionary grade. The single pollution index of Cu in Xishan district was higher than 1.0, a grade of light pollution. The levels of heavy metal pollution were higher in the areas near city zones, because of dense population and concentrated industries. The major heavy metal pollutants are Cu, Hg and Cd.

Abstract: This paper has studied a class of environmental mathematical model by using the coincidence degree theory, verified the existence of periodic solutions of the system to meet certain conditions, and revealed a relationship between a number of species in the system and pollution.

Abstract: A blind source separation model out of statistical information principle is applied to “decode” multi-gas photoacoustic spectroscopy from mixing signal into a couple of single independent component based on samples from a given detection experiment and A FastICA algorithm with used in the mode is introduced to separate the spectroscopy of low molecule mass by a feature extraction or to track that of higher-mass volatile molecule by a pattern recognition, such as acetone or its similar-species molecules. The research has exhibited its glamour by successfully extracting ammonia feature absorption in the real-time detection of breath ammonia in vivo.

Abstract: To evaluate the marine heavy metal pollution, Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr of bivalves and fishes collected from cultivating areas and natural catching along Lianyungang coastal waters were analyzed. Results show that Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd were present in the marine organisms except Cr below the detection limits. The content of Pb of bivalves from cultivating areas and that of bivalves and fishes from natural catching exceeded the standards, while the rest was below the prescribed legal limit, indicating that Pb has become the potential health risks. Anthropogenic activities may have introduced significant amounts of Pb into the marine environment.

Abstract: Based on some daily monitoring date from Taiyuan Environmental Monitoring Central Station during Dec 2008 to Nov 2009, the atmospheric pollution situation of Taiyuan was evaluated. The results showed that: the concentration of SO2、NO2 and PM10 in Taiyuan was 0.0228 mg/m3、0.0198 mg/ m3 and 0.1051mg/ m3，and the inhaled particulate matter pollution is Primary contamination. In the end, the original monitoring sites have been optimized by matter element analysis method. The atmospheric pollution situation of Taiyuan can be detected accurately after the number of monitoring sites was optimized from eight to five.