Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: Groundwater management is base on an sufficient dynamic monitoring network of groundwater depth and quality. Whil the monitoring network in Ordos Bain is insufficient due to the network is not been finished yet. Thus, in this paper, the dynamic type mapping method of groundwater based on GIS developing is used to optimize the distribution of dynamic monitoring positions. The purpose of the optimization is to observe reginal dynamics of groundwater with less monitoring wells. The reginal groundwater depth has a impact of hydroecology. Thus the optimization also consider the distribution of vegetations which are closely related with groundwater. The optimization shows that at least 28 new monitoring wells are needed depend on the existing groundwater monitoring network. The monitoring positions of 28 new wells are also estimated by the method.

Abstract: Using Visual Basic, in the range of seven irrigation managing regions in Hebei, the research analyzed annual and quarterly features of precipitation in the recent 51 years, and using Mann-Kendall Non-Parametric Test, analyzed annual and quarterly trend of precipitation of every agricultral region. The research finds that there are large differences between seven agricultural regions, except Inland River Region, precipitation in the other regions shows decreasing trend each year. The research about seasonal precipitation shows that Inland River Region has more precipitation in autumn, but other regions have more precipitation in summer; the precipitation increases in spring in all agricultral regions, but decreases in summer except Inland River Region, increases in autumn except Yanshan Hill Region, and increases in winter in all the agricultural regions.

Abstract: Based on multi-spectrum satellite remote sensing (RS) images and GIS, the evolution characteristics of Irtysh River in Xinjiang were analyzed. The results show that the Irtysh River is a composite meander integrated by valley meander and free meander according to the geomorphic features formed by meandering. Judging from the characteristics of this river, the average slope of riverbeds is 0.5188 ‰; the average curvature is 1.72. By observing dry oxbow lake sites, right bank swung more violently than left bank in historical period. Since 1972, 23 reaches were cutoff; 15 reaches’ concave banks expanded; 55 tributaries broke away from the main riverway because of flow cutoff; 94 reaches moved to downstream. These changes increased sharply since 1997 after the construction of key water control project in the upstream of the Irtysh River.

Abstract: According to the technology requirement of intellectual detection for root-stone in the Yellow River, a new ultrasonic instrument with high precision and strong penetration----StrataBox bathometer for muddy-water profile is introduced in the paper on the analysis of the existing detecting technology. Furthermore, 3 dams in Ji’nan are taken as the application examples to detect underwater root-stone with the bathometer. The experimental results show that StrataBox is an ideal intellectual detecting instrument with good performance and easy practice especially for the Yellow River.

Abstract: This paper analyzed the concept of water environmental capacity and the relation between water environmental capacity and control of reservoir eutrophication. A method, which is based on evaluating the water quality status and variation characteristics of the reservoir, to calculate the water environmental capacity of eutrophicated reservoir was put forward. Taking Shizitan Reservoir as an example, the water environmental capacity for TN, TP and COD of this eutrophicated reservoir in China were calculated by the method. A method, which could be used in the areas of short of data, to determine the retention coefficients of TN and TP was put forward in this case. In addition, the pollution gross control of the reservoir was analyzed according to the water environmental capacity and the pollutants discharged into the reservoir. The results show that the methods which were put forward in this study could be used to calculate the water environmental capacity of eutrophicated reservoirs, and this study could provide scientific support to the water environmental management.

Abstract: Water channeling is easy to occur during the process of water flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs. It leads to injected water noneffective cycling, the recovery decreasing and the development cost rising. By means of physical experiments and theoretical analysis, characteristics of water channeling are studied in different heterogeneous reservoirs. The result shows that when permeability contrast is lesser than 5.88, the development performance of reservoirs is similar to homogeneous reservoirs and water cut rises slowly after water breakthrough. If permeability contrast is higher than 5.88, the recovery curve has an inflexion, water cut rises rapidly and water channeling is easy to occur after breakthrough. Therefore, permeability contrast should be lesser than 5.88 in terms of layer series division in interlayer heterogeneous reservoirs. Measures must be taken to avoid water channeling when permeability contrast is higher than 5.88 in inner heterogeneous reservoirs.

Abstract: The paper sets the definition of ecological water table in reclaimed water irrigation area, on which reclaimed water would not make the pollutants infiltrate into groundwater and not deteriorate groundwater environment. Case study from a soil profile in Daxing, Beijing shows that the ecological water table is changing due to the pollutants down movement in the unsaturated zone. Results show that the critical ecological groundwater depth is about 19.45 m in 2050 while the current is 8.25 m. The current water table depth of 18 m is within the ecological groundwater depth. The time lag between the human activities and water quality due to the relatively thick unsaturated zone should be paid attention to for sustainable water quality management.

Abstract: Abstract: Differential evolution algorithm (differential evolution DE) is a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on groups， which instructs optimization search by swarm intelligence produced by co-operation and competition among individuals within groups. This paper presents it to the research of optimal allocation of water resources. Accord to the application of the example, the results shows that reasonable and effective.

Abstract: This study is using Factor Analysis method to analyze the hydrographs of groundwater table for classification of recharge zone. The water table data are taken from 37 wells which located on unconfined aquifer in Pingtung plain. The result shows that 93% of total variance can be explained by three components. The 1th component is related to rainfall; the 2th and 3th are related to recharge from TungKang Basin and Kaoping basin, respectively.

Abstract: Hydrological processes simulation is an effective way for water resources evaluation and can provide scientific basis for sustainable utilization of water resources and ecological environment restoration. Compared with traditional watershed hydrological processes, hydrological processes in karst region have their unique in runoff generation and concentration stage because of the complexity and multiplicity of karst aquifer system. This paper reviews the two stages of hydrological processes simulation method in karst region: 1. systematic simulation model stage; 2. process based mechanism model stage. By analyzing the characteristics and limitation of two kinds of models, the tendency of future karst hydrological processes simulation method in two aspects are discussed: 1. quasi physically based model balancing physical senses and data richness; 2. scale adaptable model based on macro-scale applicable equations.