Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: The combination measures of plant buffer strips with Amorpha fruticosa Linn and 4 different agronomic measures were used to control soil and nutrient losses of sloping land in a small watershed in Danjiangkou Reservoir. The result shows that balanced fertilization, intercrop and ridge, reduced 31.22~40.05×10^-2 kg/hm² and 0.03~1.04×10^-2 kg/hm² respectively, whichever could head off the soil, nitrogen, phosphorus. Compared with the control, hedgerow plots reduced 31.3%, 53.9% of runoff and sediment yield. Thus, those measures played a good role in the prevention of the nutrient, soil and water loss in small watershed

Abstract: In order to improve simulation precision of saturated hydraulic conductivity, use RETC and PTFs function to simulate saturated hydraulic conductivity by measured research area surface soil (0-20cm) physicochemical property and soil texture data. The simulation results were assessed by the approach of consisting in presenting a graphical representation of model simulated compared with observed values and by mean square error. The main results indicate that the RETC-PTFs and local PTFs mean square errors are 1.19 and 0.40 respectively. The precision of RETC-PTFs is lower than local PTFs function obviously using soil physicochemical property and soil texture data. The RETC-PTFs is inappropriate to this area. Accuracy of each input data precision of RETC-PTFs play a big part in because of less data needed. More complete data not always get better simulating results.

Abstract: The deposition prediction of debris flow hazardous area is very important for organizing and implementing debris flow disaster prevention and reduction. This paper selected the data base from laboratory experiments and applied the multiple regression statistical method to establish a series of empirical calculation models for delimiting the debris flow hazardous areas on the alluvial fan. The empirical models for predicting the maximum deposition length (Lc), the maximum deposition width (B_max) and the maximum deposition thichness (Z₀) under the condition of different debris flow volumes (V), densities (r_m) and slopes of accumulation area (θ_d) were establised. And the verification results indicated that the established models can predict the debris flow hazards area with the average accuracy of 86%.

Abstract: By scouring experiments, the changeable process and characteristics of sediment concentration in sloping surface with different coverage degrees and spatial locations of grass were studied. Five grass coverage degrees of 0, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, three spatial locations of grass (upslope, mid-slope, low-slope) and two water inflow rates of 3.2L/min, 5.2L/min were applied to a 0.5 by 4 m soil bed in scouring experiments. Results showed that the sediment concentration in overland flow obviously decreased with increasing grass coverage degree during the scouring experiments. When the grass coverage degree is over 30%, the grass can play obvious role in reducing the sediment concentration, and along with the increase of grass coverage degree the role became more and more obvious, particularly when the grass coverage degree reached to 70%. The spatial location of grass on the sloping surface has little effect on the sediment concentration in overland flow.

Abstract: Moso bamboo and natural secondary forests are the typical forest types in subtropical area in China. With field observation at the Qiangjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station. the effect of the two typical forests was compared on soil and water conservation and their difference was quantified. The results showed that: (1) The runoff coefficients for moso bamboo and natural broad-leaved secondary forest go up with increase of precipitation. (2) Natural broad-leaved secondary and moso bamboo forests both are pretty good in preservation of water source and water and soil conservation. The former is better than the latter. moso bamboo forest is over 90% higher than natural broadleaved secondary in runoff generation, and three times higher in sediment yield. (3) Runoff for two forest types has a significant correlation with precipitation outside the forest. Total runoff has a significant linear relation with precipitation, and the runoff coefficient has a logarithm correlation with precipitation.

Abstract: China adopted a series of measures on wetland eco-environmental protection to enhance improvement of ecological conditions of wetlands. However, there are still structural policies absence in the practicing process. Ecological compensation as a systematic arrangement between adjusting damage and environment protectors remain an effective measure of environmental conservation. This article from the perspective of game theory analyze wetland ecological compensation stakeholders, through the establishment of wetland ecological compensation of subject and object of the game model to arrive at the wetland ecological compensation of the main object of the Nash equilibrium strategy, and make specific recommendations.

Abstract: RSR (Rank-sum ratio) includes the following process: code ranking, calculating RSR, analyzing the distribution of RSR, calculating with regression equation, code ranking and ordering etc. to arrange the rank of damage to health by environment pollution based on the environment and health medical science, to make an evaluation of the damage by environment pollution to people’s and individual’s health, through this evaluation we can see that the important part is how to arrange the rank reasonably and rightly in the application of RSR method in the damage of people’s health by environmental pollution, and propose some methods to arrange rank. The research enriches the methods of evaluating the damage of environment pollution to people’s health, and also makes the application of RSR method more widely and scientifically.

Abstract: Nonpoint sources of pollution, primarily from agricultural sources, are a major cause of water quality impairment in China. Yet approaches for addressing this issue remain underexplored. This article first introduces the current status of China’s agricultural nonpoint sources pollution.The article then discusses some practical approaches for agricultural nonpoint sources pollution control in terms of China’s current economic development levels and conditions.The article concludes that voluntary programs, command and control programs and economic incentive instruments are feasiable for addressing agricultural nonpoint sources pollution, if such approaches are designed and implemented well.

Abstract: Eco-environmental carrying capacity of water comprehensively representing the resource and eco-environmental characteristics of water determines the carrying ability of nature ecosystem for socio-economic development. Fushun and Tieling section are chosen as upstream in Liao River Basin to compare the eco-environmental carrying capacity of these two water stream. In this paper, 11 indexes are selected to establish evaluating indicator system, and then use the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to calculate eco-environmental carrying capacity of water. Result demonstrated: the score value of water eco-environmental carrying capacity of Fushun section is greater than that of Tieling. The little advance of water eco-environmental carrying capacity of Fushun was due to its better nature eco-environment.

Abstract: Based on the theory of public goods, externality theory, and theory of property rights, the paper gives an economics analysis of agricultural environment protection, and raises the economic ways of agricultural environmental protection.