Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: In order to make a scientific study on the benefit of land reclamation, the present paper makes an index system to analyze the land reclamation benefit of mining subsidence in the eastern plain with middle prelatic level. Besides, the quantitative research is also carried out combined with practical examples. On the basis of the study above, the paper analyzes the effect of the benefit and investment cost on time.

Abstract: Through analyzing the process of the protection, international cooperation, modern technology application, policy and legislation of biodiversity conservation in the pluralized field of vision, the biodiversity conservation, we can see, remains very much a work. Therefore, it firstly should be based on the benefit–sharing, then, it should establish extensive international cooperation by building the global strategy mechanism on responsibility sharing of biodiversity protection and benefit–sharing coordination. Finally, based on the application of the modern technology and its breakthrough, the biodiversity conservation can achieve a effective long-term development through the international legislation and the effective policy coordination and constraints of countries.

Abstract: Lespedeza bicolor has developed root system and the ability of carbon sequestration, which can effectively improve the soil nutrient. We measured the correlation of net photosynthetic rate and physiological and environmental factors using space mutated Lespedeza bicolor of SP1 generation, the change of soil carbon and nitrogen content and microbial biomass was also discussed. The conclusion showed that the diurnal variation of photosynthesis was registered as double－peak curve and had "noon break" phenomenon. It showed strong ability of photosynthesis and its mean diurnal photosynthetic rates was 8.77 umolCO2·m-2s-1. Highly correlation was existed between net photosynthetic rate and atmospheric CO2 concentration ,the content of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and soil microbial biomass displayed negatively relationship to the depth of the soil. Base on the study , we can conclude that the photosynthetic organic matter was effectively accumulated by Lespedeza bicolor of SP1 generation which made use of atmospheric CO2 and the root system located in the superficial soil has better potential of carbon sequestration.

Abstract: The effects of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth, Cd uptake and some physio-biochemical indexes of Solanum lycopersicum seedlings under different levels of Cd stress were investigated in a pot study. Generally, the symbiotic relationship between Solanum lycopersicum and AMF can be well established under Cd stress. This was reflected by the better physio-biochemical index of the plants inoculated with G. constrictum, G. mosseae and G. intraradices whose colonization rates were between 41.4% and 76.1%. Compared with the non-inoculated ones, G. constrictum inoculation enhanced the plant biomass at 50 mg kg-1 Cd addition level. AM colonization increased the Cd distribution to the roots in plants and alleviated shoots from high Cd stress, and thus increased the shoot biomass in the end. At the high Cd addition level, mycorrhizal plants reacted differently in the reduction of the contents of MDA, by influencing the soluble sugar, POD activity, SOD activity and so on. Our results showed that mycorrhizal colonization was beneficial to the Cd translocation in plants and reduced the membrane lipid peroxidation in plants under serious Cd stress. However, the mechanisms of mycorrhizal protection in plants were influenced by many factors and still need to be further studied.

Abstract: Water is the limited factor in arid and semi-arid regions. Precipitation, as the sole source of water replenishment in arid area, plays an important role in sustaining the desert ecosystem. With the trend of global warming, precipitation is increasing in arid region recently, especially in the extremely arid region at the south rim of Tarim Basin. Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.) C. A.Mey is the key species of Gobi desert at the south rim of Tarim Basin, which use the scarce and irregular rainfall for survival in greatest possible. There was little research on characteristics of H. glomeratus involving biomass allocation and root distribution under different rainfall conditions in extremely arid regionsItalic text. Our objective was to study the response for H. glomeratus to the global precipitation change. Artificial controlling water supply was conducted at three levels in experimental fields in Cele Gobi desert. Additionally, the natural precipitation control plot was analyzed for comparison. Frequent harvests were used to determine the response of biomass allocation and root distribution of H. glomeratus during a growing season under extreme rainfall conditions. Biomass of H. glomeratus increased as rainfall increased in the prophase of the growing season, but decreased in the later half phase of the growing season. Biomass allocation showed no significant difference among the treatments. However, H. glomeratus with higher level of rainfall allocates more biomass to roots. H. glomeratus adapts to the lower water condition by means of modulating roots distribution with deeper vertical main root and extent horizontal lateral roots.

Abstract: Characteristics of water and salt transport in layered soils with the loess soil layer overlapping different particle size sandy soil layer, was investigated in two dimensions soil chamber. The results show that, finger flow occurs when the wetting front enters into the low layer sandy soil, and the accumulative infiltration is greater for coarser particle size sandy soil than that for finer particle size one. The behavior of water movement and salt transport are disagree since salt content in soil profile has a significant difference for two treatments and water content is almost same. The further analysis explains this phenomenon is mainly caused by adsorption of the finer sandy soil to Na+. In additional, Cl- is easier to movement in pathway of the finger flow than that of Na+ whether the soil texture was same or not.

Abstract: In order to calculate the amount of CO2 emissions from the iron and steel making in China, carbon flows in two iron and steel enterprises were investigated with Material Flow Analysis, through the production data and sampling of materials from each enterprise in this paper. Results show that the main carbon sources of CO2 emissions in blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) steelmaking are fossil fuel, and fossil fuel in electricity furnace (EAF) steelmaking account for 33% of the total carbon sources; The amount of CO2 emission of per ton crude steel from the BF-BOF steelmaking and EAF steelmaking is 1149.7 and 46.6 kg, respectively.

Abstract: Due to the drought climate and over grazing, the grassland degrades severely recently, which not only influences local environment, but also threatens ecology safety of northern areas. Urgently control of degraded grassland and prevent advanced deterioration are needed. Recently, irrigation plays vital role on the recovery of degraded grassland in northern pastoral areas. Different amount irrigation experiment (adequate and moderate irrigation) was carried out from 2007 to 2009 on Xilamuren Grassland, Inner Mongolia. The experiment plots vegetation quantitative characteristics were investigated during 2007～2011. Compared with no irrigation plot, it’s concluded that: ① Different irrigation amount have the same effect on improving the production and biodiversity during irrigation. ② When stopped irrigation, the production and biodiversity of the two ever irrigated plots degraded more and faster than the non irrigation plot equally. ③ Moderate irrigation can save more water while recovering degraded grassland satisfactorily. To keep stable, the irrigation amount and times should be decreased gradually.

Abstract: In this paper,the contents of nine elements including Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Al, Cd, Pb, Ti and V were determined by ICP-AES technique, which elements originated from Nostoc commune Vauch from different places. Detection limits ranged 0.0018 ug•ml-1 and 0.068 ug•ml-1, the relative standard deviations for all these elements were lower than 2%, and recovery rates ranged 95.8% and 105.6%. The results showed that there were rich elements in N. commune Vauch from different places; contens of Fe, Al and V were highest; contents of Mn, Zn and Ti were moderately high,and contents of Cu, Cd and Pb were lowest. Futhermore, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and V were essential to people’s health,and Al, Cd, Pb and Ti had potentially physiologically toxic.Finally,Concentrations of elements within N. commune Vauch from different places were different,which may have some relations with the soil and environment where N. Commune grew.As a result, the determining method which elements of N. Commune are determined by ICP-AES is rapid,accurate and convenient, and wild N. Commune may contain toxic elements because of pollutional soil and environment,so N. Commun cultivated artificially can effectively reduce harmful elements.

Abstract: In order to high efficiently prevent and cure the diffusion of heavy metal loss in mining area, this paper investigated the main ways of heavy metal loss, built the diffusion model of its non-steady-state and uniform loss, and solved the model by integration, a time-varying function on the path of heavy metal loss which diffused into soil and runoff waters in the mine area was acquired, and a method of efficient prevention and cure was obtained. The results shows that the continuous existence of heavy metal in the mining area will aggravate and increase the regional pollution of soil and runoff waters, among them, the diffusion speed of heavy metal loss dissolved into runoff waters due to soil erosion in mining area will be faster and the hazard will be lager, there exists a high pollution concentration in the estuarine of new waters which the runoff flowed into. The effective recovery of heavy metal residue and waste liquid in mining area, and the decrease of discharge concentration is the important ways to effectively reduce the improvement costs of heavy metal pollution area and improve the harnessing effect, if further combing the restorations of engineering plants and bacteria improvement for heavy metal polluted area, which would be more efficient and rapid, and suitable for research and spread.