Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: The form distribution of phosphorus (P) in ten surface sediments from the upper reaches of the Yellow River, China, was studied using the sequential chemical extraction procedure－the standards, measurements and testing harmonized procedure. The equilibrium and thermodynamics of P adsorption onto sediments were evaluated. Five fractions of sedimentary P, including metal oxide bound P (NaOH-P), calcium bound P (HCl-P), inorganic P (IP), organic P (OP) and concentrated HCl P (total P, TP), were separately quantified. The results indicated that the contents of different P fractions in sediments varied greatly. The mean of TP content was 657.57 mg/kg, and averages of NaOH-P, OP, HCl-P and IP contents represented 4.03%, 8.85%, 82.10% and 88.69% of TP, respectively. HCl-P was the major component of IP and TP. the amount of potential bioavailable P was approximately estimated 12.88% of TP. The equilibrium data of P adsorption on different sediments fitted perfectly for Langmuir and Freundlich models. the adsorption amounts of P decreased with increasing temperature. The negative values of thermodynamic parameters ΔG and ΔH indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption.

Abstract: The giant panda habitat of Baoxing County, located in the transition zone from Sichuan Basin to the edge of southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the critical and key ecological function areas. At present, the puzzled problems present that the whole ecological system was interrupted by ecological management from different local department policy and the long merits for protecting giant habitat was weaken by short-term economic profits from natural resources. Exploring marbles and constructing hydropower plants and the livelihood activities of residents in the world heritage protection zone threatened to the protection for giant panda habitats. The government and people have taken a series of measures in recent years to deal with conflict: setting up nature reserves, establishing ecological protection projects, speeding up adjustment of industrial structure and international cooperation. The development practice of Baoxing County over the years shows that it is a sustainable and effective measure to grow economy while simultaneously protecting the giant panda habitats through Integrated Ecosystem Management (IEM). However, giant panda protection is destined a protracted battle in economy development process.

Abstract: Many factors contribute to formation of the environmental awareness of the public. The current existing related research mainly focuses on analysis of causality and correlation, with few quantitative research and empirical test. Thus the paper attempts to give a quantitative description of the factors influencing the public environmental awareness in Shanghai through applying structural equation model, and then put forth effective improvement countermeasures to provide theoretic basis for the government to formulate relevant policies. The conclusion show: The economic factor and environmental awareness factor show the strongest correlation, Individual factor has relatively obvious influences on the environmental factors, the year of birth, monthly income per capita, awareness of environmental protection, number of the neighborhood committees, and the number of the parks have great influences on the pubic environmental awareness in Shanghai

Abstract: This paper analyzes the main causing factors of road environment pollution and the main measures for protection. Functions of garden plants on the road environment protection and improvement are discribed, principle and evaluation indicators for road greening plant distribution are analyzied, and plants species contributing to road pollution absorption and purification are summed up. The paper provides reference information for reserch on road environment protection and configuration of plants.

Abstract: Changes of soil organic carbon storage play an important role in carbon balance in the world. Firstly, analyzed the effect factors of the soil organic carbon changes that are limited to qualitative research instead of quantitative studies, and the main effect factors are climate and soil properties , but so far it is still unclear how the temperature changes affect soil organic carbon dynamical changes; then, summarized estimation methods of soil organic carbon storage, and the soil type method is more commonly used estimation method of soil carbon storage in china and abroad for simple method and the data easily accessible, and the study on soil organic carbon storage is static based on a point in time and is lack in dynamics analysis, therefore it is to be solved how to improve the estimation accuracy of soil carbon storage in the future; finally,summarized soil carbon cycle model at home and abroad, and it is a key point that the soil carbon cycle models combined with GIS and RS simulate large-scale soil carbon cycle in the future.

Abstract: Based on the detailed survey of land use change in Shiyang river basin, referencing Costanza, and Xie et al’ research results of the value of ecosystem services, this article probed the variation of land use and value of ecosystem service in Wuwei region. The results are: from 1997 to 2006, the area of woodland, construction land and garden land are increasing, while farmland, grassland, water and unused land are continuing to decrease. Land-use intensity is gradually increasing, the land use pattern towards to a centralized style. The values of ecosystem services are overall upward, and change faster than ever. The main part of the value of ecosystem service is constituted by the value of grassland, woodland and farmland. So it’s important to control the expansion of urban construction, strength the protection of the water, restore and enhance regional ecosystem services in the future.

Abstract: Agricultural modernization is changing nutrients biogeochemical cycles in soil as well as regional and global environmental changes. Taking a typical agricultural county of as an example, the article studied the changes of topsoil (0~20cm) bulk, contents and storages of organic carbon and total nitrogen in an agricultural county of North China due to agricultural reform process from 1983-2004, by taking soil samples and experimental determination. The results showed that soil pH decreased, bulk increased lightly, the contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen significantly increased by 70% and 133% respectively, and the storages of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the county increased by 72% and 113% respectively from traditional agriculture to modern. Agricultural modernization including heavy chemical fertilizers inputs, machine irrigation and agricultural mechanizations were the important factors driving these changes.

Abstract: Assessing the inter-annual variation of regional grassland productivity is imperative to meet the local requirements of grassland adaptive management at regional- or landscape- scale. For the semiarid grassland of Inner Mongolia, the improved CASA model, a kind of light-energy-efficiency model, was used to simulate the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of the regional grassland. And this study further calculated the Standard Deviation (SD) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) of the regional NPP. Both of SD and CV were used to reflect the fluctuations of regional NPP in the study area among years. Approximately 1/3 of the regional NPP over the years were dramatically changed, frequently up to large amplitude by an average rate of 1 times or more.

Abstract: Based on remote sensing data, climatic data and other related data in source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers from 2000 to 2006, the net primary production (NPP) of source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers was estimated by using CASA (Camegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model. Spatial pattern and changing tendency for vegetation NPP, and correlation relationships between air temperature, precipitation and NPP were analyzed. The results showed that annual average NPP in source regions of Yangze and Yellow Rivers was 104.22 gC.m^-2.a^-1. A total mean annual NPP in source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers was 22.07×10¹²g C.a^-1, which decreased from southeastern to northwestern part and this trend coupled with the changes in temperature and precipitation. Increasing trend of NPP in source region of Yellow River was clearer than that in source region of Yangze River during 2000-2006. The region with increasing tendency occupied approximately 68.42% of total area, while the region with decreasing tendency accounted for 23.83%. Marked decrease regions for NPP were mainly distributed in the southeastern source region of the Yellow River including Gande county, Dari county, Maqin county and area nearby Dari river and Kequ, occupied 10.56% of total source regions area. The region of very marked increase sporadically distributed in the region with marked increase trend. The northwestern region of Yellow River and southeastern region of Yangtze River were located by region with indistinct increase extensively. Regression analysis of vegetation NPP and climate factors showed that average temperature and precipitation were important factors affecting changes in vegetation NPP; while the mean air temperature appears to be the primary factor controlling terrestrial NPP in the source regions of Yangze and Yellow rivers.

Abstract: This paper first reported species composition and distribution of biomass, habitat density and characteristics of community structure of benthos. The result has showed that 64 species is first recorded from intertidal zone at Sanmen, of which, most are eurythermal and eurychoric species, and the predominant species are Bluecoat exert, Morale iridescent,Cerithidea cingulata, Lunatia gilva, Laternula marilina and Gaetice depressus etc. .The range of benthic biomass is from 234.25g/m2 to 440g/m2; and habitat density is from 955.0 ind./m2 to 2950.0 ind./m2. The vertical distribution has shown that species, biomass and habitat density sequence on the intertidal zone are middle tide region > low tide region > high tide region.