Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: We think the " 0801 blizzard " is not only caused by La Nina events, but also caused by the combined effect of multiple factors just as "combination of abnormity" .So firstly in this paper, the mutative character of several primary affecting factors are elementarily analyzed. Then based on the cross wavelet and wavelet coherence transform methods, these factors how to affect rain and snow disasters is found in time-delayed characteristics and the correlation between them is confirmed, to further explain the partial reason of the “0801 blizzard”.

Abstract: The study on tourism environment impact on coastal area has been a hot spot for coastal ecological environment research in our country. Based on grey recognition mode, this Paper analyzes the water environment quality of Shanghai Hangzhou Bay north shore coastal artificial bathing place in the spatial-temporal perspectives and researches the impacts of coastal tourism activities on water environment. The research results reveal that: (1) Coastal artificial bathing place is beneficial for protecting and improving coastal water environmental quality and different management modes on coastal artificial bathing place present different temporal features on protection of coastal water body; (2) In tourist peak season, environmental management improves the surrounding water environmental quality of artificial bathing place; (3) In the same coastal artificial bathing place, with different water body purification technologies and different influence mechanism, the tourism activities shows different levels of impact on water environment.

Abstract: During the last decades, especially the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China vocational education on environmental protection has made remarkable progresses. The vocational education on environmental protection has developed fast and spread widely, and formed an integrity system with various kinds of types. On the basis of analyzing the development status of vocational education in the field of China environmental protection and the cooperative mechanism and operative mode of production, teaching, research and application of partial higher vocational environmental education and environmental majors at home, this paper describes the history and development of vocational education on environmental protection in China and conducted a case study of vocational education on Changsha Environmental Protection Vocational College (CEPVC). The purpose is to identify lessons from past experience in vocational education to inform future development. The retrospective nature of this paper focuses attention on what has been done in the past, and to a lesser extent on the nature of current state. There are significant issues in vocational education, for example, the contribution of training to informal sector employment, that fall largely outside of vocational education experience, this is important for the future.

Abstract: Of human activities, agriculture is perhaps the most disruptive to the functioning of ecosystems around the world. As agriculture's impact on the Earth has been amplified by industrial farming, the agroecological environment is worsening. By developing perennial crops, however, would help deal with the multiple issues involving agroecological environmental conservation and economic benefits in a world of shrinking resources. It can provide multiple ecosystem services essential for sustainable production more effectively than production systems based on annual crops, such as reducing soil erosion, minimizing nutrient leaching, sequestering more C in soils, building better pest tolerance and providing continuous habitat for wildlife. This paper presents advantages of perennial crop system in agroecological benefits, introduces the important role of perennial crop at the development of sustainable agriculture, and prospects the significant utilization of perennial crop on conservation of agroecological environment.

Abstract: The effect of boat-generated waves on mangrove forests could be reflected by width change of tidal inlets by using satellite image in this study. Our results showed that the distributions of mangrove zone on the side of tidal inlets were degenerated by boat-generated waves from 2009 to 2011 in Dongzhai Harbor Mangrove Natural Reserve. The main reason of this change was strong erosion of tidal flat caused by the waves generated by high speed and frequencies boats for tourists. To protect the mangrove forests of the tidal inlets, the drive speed and pass frequencies of the boats in waterway should be restricted and decreased.

Abstract: Since 1998, as the economy develops rapidly in China, the level of the standard living for the domestic people is elevated quite fast. The energy consumption in households increases quickly due to the improvement of the residents' standard of living. The emission load of CO₂ from energy end-use consumption in households increases year by year and it is becoming a an important source of the national total CO₂ emission load. With the LMDI factor decomposition method, this paper analyzes the factors which influence the emission load of CO₂ from energy end-use consumption in households. The result shows that decreasing the energy end-use consumption intensity in households and increasing the ratio of the new energy along with lifting the ratio of the urban population are all the important factors to reduce the emission load of CO₂ from energy end-use consumption in households sector in China.

Abstract: Today, the coastal areas of the world amounting to nearly 10% of the total world’s land area, supports nearly half of the world’s human population. This causes serious population pressure and environmental problems. To reduce the pressure of land scarcity, cities along the coastal land are now paying their attention to land reclamation. Although land reclamation results in significant benefits to the coastal cities, it simultaneously causes serious environmental problems. Therefore, satisfactory management of reclaimed land is a big challenge which governments are now facing. Based on economics, this article presents some economic means to efficiently manage coastal areas. Integrating the costs-benefits analysis and input-output table, this paper builds the “costs-benefits analysis system”, and provides the models of estimating the value of some main aspects of the costs. Through outcome consult method, shadow price, TCM (Travel Cost Method), CVM (Contingent Valuation Method) and other methods, one can appraise the ecological damage in monetary terms, which allows to transform questions of “yes” or “no” into questions of “more” or “less”, one can easily judge the feasibility of this project in terms of social benefits. Using this costs-benefits analysis system to assess the land reclamation in Gulei port, Zhangzhou, China, the outcome showed that the total costs were almost 3.4 times more than the benefits, meaning that it is really not beneficial to construct the project from economics point of view.

Abstract: Thirteen typical plant communities were investigated in Xinxuehe constructed wetland restored for five years and in Gaolou natural wetland restored naturally for eight years. Both wetlands are located in Nansi Lake area. The species composition, coverage, aboveground biomass and biodiversity indices were compared between the communities from the constructed wetland and the natural wetland. The results showed that the constructed wetland and the natural wetland had similar emergent species and typical species of their own, however neither coverage nor aboveground biomass showed significant differences. In the meanwhile, we found that the biodiversity of natural wetland is relatively higher than the constructed wetland. For the wetland restoration and the water quality quick improving, it is suitable to use artificial ways to promote the restoration of wetlands which converted from the farmland in Nansi Lake area; in the other hand, the natural wetland restoration is more valuable for the biodiversity conservation in the long run.

Abstract: Continuous and intense human activities have seriously affected the aquatic ecosystem health and security of the Songhua River Basin, which has led to the atrophy and degradation of wetlands, the pollution of water, the degradation of black soil, the descending of waters biological diversity and the draught-up of rivers, etc. At present, how to protect the basin aquatic ecosystem and maintain the positive cycle of aquatic ecosystem are becoming grossly hot and difficult issues that require immediate resolutions.

Abstract: A pot-grown experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of limited irrigation on growth, storage water amount of every organ and water use of Jatropha curcas L.seedlings. Four watering treatments were designed in the study, i.e. (W1: 0.3θ_f，W2: 0.5θf，W3: 0.7θf，W4: 0.9θf，θf is the field capacity). Results show that Jatropha curcas L.seedlings has the higher resistance ability to drought-stress, it can survival in lower soil moisture (0.3θ_f) , and has certain growth potential. Dry mass of every organ in plant shows that shoot＞branch and master rod＞leaf＞root＞petiole. Storage water capability of unit dry mass for every organ in plant shows that petiole＞branch and master rod or shoot＞leaf＞root. Compared to W4 treatments, W2 reduced irrigation water by 27.1%, mean leaf area of Jatropha curcas L.seedlings for W2 reduced by 25.8%, but root-shoot ratio increased by 6.1%, meanwhile, mean storage water capability of unit root, lateral branch and master rod, leaf, shoot and total plant dry mass of Jatropha curcas L.seedlings for W2 increased by 15.4%，1.3%，7.4%，0.6% and 1.8%, respectively. But mean root, shoot and total plant dry mass accumulation of Jatropha curcas L.seedlings for W2 only reduced by 11.4%、17.7%、15.8%, respectively, therefore, irrigation water use efficiency and total water use efficiency of Jatropha curcas L.seedlings for W2 increased by 15.5%，14.9%, respectively. It is clear that W2 treatment not only increased water use efficiency, but increased regulation storage water capability, thus W2 treatment’s Jatropha curcas L.seedlings improved water regulation and controlled water balance capability and resistance ability to drought-stress.