Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: To solve the ecological deterioration problems of the medium and small reservoirs’ downstream areas caused by water interception, the ecological restoration technique for dam’s downstream area is studied in this paper. Based on the investigation and analysis of the current ecological environment of a medium and small reservoirs’ downstream area in Qingyuan county of Liaoning, the downstream minimum ecological flow, with which the ecological environment of downstream can connect to that of upstream, is calculated. In the way of drawing water above the dam and building underground dam, the minimum ecological flow for the ecological environment of the downstream area will be able to reach a level where the continuity of the ecological environment is maintained. Consequently the aquatic habitats and stream ecological environment of the dam’s downstream channel can be improved and recovered.

Abstract: In this paper, the study on the simulation of invasion species diffusion along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is presented. On the basis of discrete diffusion model of invasion species, the diffusion model from multi-sources is studied combining with the geographical information in the studying region, and the diffusion rate from a single source is also studied. The simulation of the diffusion of invasive species along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is discussed by using MATLAB and ArcGIS9.2 for given the diffusion coefficient, and some simulation results is obtained including from one-dimension to three-dimension. Those theoretical results can be easily used in the diffusion research on other invasion species to ensure its wide applications in the future.

Abstract: Based on STRATUM module of i-Tree model, total ecological benefits of street trees in Harbin is 4.5 million dollar per year, the differences between districts are very big. Ecological benefit of Nangang district Account for 22%, the highest one in the whole city, Daowai district is minimum, just 1%. Energy-saving benefit (46%) > rain interception benefits (42%) > CO2 absorption benefit (8%) > air purification benefit (4%) of street trees for the whole study area. The aesthetic benefit is greater than the other street trees ecological benefits. The highest ecological benefit per tree is yielded by Taiping district, with an average 29.81 dollar.

Abstract: This paper firstly introduces the important position of western mineral resources in China and the important role of mining development for economic development in western region and China, and then lists the ecological environment impact caused by mining action and analyzes the necessity of ecological compensation mechanism. Finally it discusses the key issues about ecological compensation policy, and presents some relevant recommendations about construction of eco-compensation mechanism.

Abstract: Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation and suspended sediment (SS) separately as well as in combination on the growth and DNA damage of Chlorella sp. were studied under controlled laboratory conditions. The Chlorella sp. was exposed to UV-B of 17 µW cm^-2 for 0, 1 and 5 minutes in 0, 500 and 5000 mg L^-1 defined SS. The results showed that SS attenuated light penetration and suppressed the growth of ^Chlorella sp.. It also attenuated UV-B induced DNA damage and promoted the cell growth. The suppression and promotion of cell growth depended on the concentration of SS and dose of UV-B radiation. These results are important in understanding of the effects of elevated UV-B radiation on microalgae in sediments-dominate coastal waters.

Abstract: This study considered organic carbon storage in fine forest debris( extensively managed bamboo > masson pine > natural secondary forest > shrubs > intensively managed bamboo > agricultural cropped land. Organic carbon of fine forest debris was mainly stored in the leaves, followed by the branches, and then the decomposed debris, while the percentage of the amount in the dead herb was less than 10％. In addition, (2)the underground carbon storage in fine debris, of which the amount in different vegetation types was similar, accounted for more than 50％ of the total carbon storage. Meanwhile, as to the coarse debris, underground carbon storage in both bamboo stands was higher (P Chinese fir > masson pine > natural secondary forest> intensively managed bamboo > shrubs > agricultural cropped land.

Abstract: Nansi Lake is the largest fresh water lake in North China. In the recent fifty years, the wetland ecosystem of Nansi Lake has severely degraded and needs to be restored urgently. With the investigation (totally 39 sites) all around the Lake, the current status of plant species composition and the geographic distributions of the wetland vegetation were studied. The historical changes of the dominant species in Nansi Lake were studied using the data of five typical years chosen from the last fifty years. Results showed that the vegetation had changed significantly in the recent fifty years, and the current vegetation was fragmented because of human disturbance and confront the risk of plant invasions. In this study, the target, strategy and measures of wetland restoration of Nansi Lake are discussed. To meet the demand of restoration in Nansi Lake wetlands, some suggestions are brought out about the ecological security, the restoration species choosing and the research direction.

Abstract: Abstract. To study of meadow grassland soil free lifing nematodes types and quantities under the grazing intensity, the results show that we captured 13 species free lifing nematodes in different grazing area.With the increase of the grazing intensity the total number of Free life nematodes gradually reduce, among them Bacterial feeding nematode and Omnivorous predator nematode gradually reduced with the increase of nematode grazing intensity and the Fungal-feeding nematodes quantities gradually increased . the number of the Bacterial feeding nematode and Fungal-feeding nematodes gradually decrease with the deepening of the soil layer under the different grazing intensity and Omnivorous predator nematodegradually increased

Abstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, we could enjoy more and more convenience of modern technology, we have to face the negative influence of modern technology on environment. The Kitakyushu city used to be one of most heavily air-polluted regions in Japan. Through decades of improvement on the environmental education, the Kitakyushu city become the ‘Demonstration city on environment protect of Japan’ and the ‘Typical city of environmental governance’ award by the United Nation. These effective measures include increasing the investment in the environmental education and scientific research, extensively conducting environmental education to improve the public awareness of environmental protection and promoting the integration and transformation of production, knowledge and research on environmental protection. This paper studied the main steps that the Kitakyushu city take to improve its environment pollution and analyze the revelation of these useful measures to China’s environmental education.

Abstract: The study, by measured the number of microorganisms on the six kinds of vegetation types of WuLiangSuHai wetland, reveals that: Scirpus (Scirpus pumilus Vahl) plots, Gramineae (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) plots, Chenopodiacea (Suaeda glauca Bunge) plots, Zygophyllaceae (Nitraria tangutorum Bobr) plots, Artificial Tamarix plots and Artificial Elaeagnus angustifolia plots, soil microbial population and distribution is significantly different. The results show that: bacteria, Actinomycetes and Fungi are highest on the Artificial tamarix soil, are 15.6×10³CFU•g^-1, 47×10²CFU•g^-1, 43CFU•g^-1, and other microbe quantity was significantly higher than other vegetation, and the number of microorganisms in Scirpus (Scirpus pumilus Vahl) plots, Gramineae (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) plots and Chenopodiacea (Suaeda glauca Bunge)plots vegetation are generally low. Overall, the quantities of bacteria are the largest than the actinomycetes and fungi that was less than others quantities in variety of samples. There is a certain correlation between the number of soil microorganism and soil moisture which is one of the key factors to regulate wetland ecosystem microbial metabolic and material conversion.