Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: In order to provide necessary basis for utilization of Anthocephalus chinensis, its chemical composition was explored in this paper. The results as follow: Cold water extractive is 3.18%. Hot water extractive is 4.58%. 1% sodium hydroxide extractive is 18.78%. Alcohol-benzene extractive is 2.73%. Content of cellulose is 44.09%. Content of acid-insoluble lignin is 23.31%.Content of holocellulose is 74.72%. Content of hemicellulose is 30.67%. pH value of wood is 5.31. Through comparing with other species, the results suggested that A. chinensis is ideal material for wood-based panel, interior decoration and packaging.

Abstract: In this paper, the biological characteristics of Pholiota adiposa were systematically studied. The results showed that the ideal temperature range for growth is from 20 °C to 25°C, with optimal temperature at 25°C; the optimal light condition is full darkness; the ideal pH range for growth is from 5 to 9, with optimal pH at 6; the preferred carbon source is sucrose, followed by glucose; the preferred nitrogen source is potassium nitrate, glutamic acid. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was sequenced to determine whether the DNA sequence data supported the experimental result. The phylogenetic tree for the 19 pieces of homologous sequences were analyzed, with the highest homology reaching 99%.

Abstract: The seasonal cycling between growth and dormancy has received little attention despite its importance for plant behaviour. Many factors are involved in dormancy regulation, which include environmental factors, such as phytohormones, photoperiod and temperature. In this review, we reconsider seasonal cycles of growth and dormancy in view of dormancy within the meristem, together with recent exciting developments of phytohormones and epigenetic in the study of plants.

Abstract: Physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn., Euphorbiaceae) is one of the hottest biomass energy plant studied by scientists. This paper first reviewed the symbiosis relationship between physic nut and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The researches have showed that diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exists around the rhizosphere of physic nut. The AMF hyphae colonize root tips of physic nut to develop arbuscular mycorrhizae. The construction of mycorrhizal symbiosis relationship improves the nutritional absorption, promotes the growth and development of seedlings, and enhance the stress tolerance capacity of physic nut. This paper also displays a prospect for mycorrhizal physic nut research in the future, such as mycorrhizal system, the molecular mechanism for stress resistance and gene engineering. As an important resource of biomass energy, mycorrhizal physic nut has a huge exploitation potential and practical value.

Abstract: In Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRAC), the natural conditions of production of Tung oil tree (Vernicia fordii) are advantageous. It has an abundant cultivated varieties resource, a long history of cultivation, and is World-renowned by its excellent quality of oil. After 1990s, Tung oil production is gradually shrinking, a large number of Tung oil trees resources had been destroyed, Due to the excessive use of fossil fuels in today's world, however, there have been the deterioration of the environment and energy crisis. So clean and green biomass energy sources are favored. This paper introduces the resource status and distribution area of Tung oil trees, analyzes the planting advantages and development prospects of Tung oil trees, and provides suggestion on the development of the Tung oil trees industry in the TGRAC.

Abstract: Aiming at reducing agricultural pollution caused by plastic film, the study compared with new plastic film mulching and bare field, to investigating the effects of re-used plastic film mulching on soil temperatures, seed emergence and all seedlings period were studied in Hetao area, China. The results showed that, (1) compared with bare field, the soil temperature of re-used film mulching increased 1.3~4.0 °C and 0.7~1.8 °C separately in the highest and lowest temperature stage. The soil average temperature of upper soil layer (0~20 cm) increased 1.7~2.1°C, and 1.3~2.0 °C lower than new film mulching. (2) Compared with bare field, Daily maximum and minimum temperatures of re-used film mulching were postponed about 1 hour, similar as new film mulching. (3) During emergence stage (7 days after sowing), accumulated temperature of re-used film mulching was 21.6°Cand 23.8 °C higher than that of bare field in depth of 5 cm and 10 cm. Compared with new film mulching, it was 12.4 °Cand 10.0 °C lower in depth of 5 cm and 10 cm. (4) Mulching with re-used film could effectively shorten seed germination for 1-2 days and shorten all seedlings period for 2-3 days compared with bare field, and no difference with new film mulching.

Abstract: To provide an important basis for the biogeochemical cycle of bamboo forest ecosystem, particularly the cycling of carbon, we studied decomposition dynamics of fine root in moso bamboo forest. Our study area located in Miaoshanwu nature reserve, Fuyang, Zhejiang province. Based on our study, we concluded: (1) the process of bamboo fine root with diameter less than 2mm and within 2-5mm can be modeled with Olson Decomposition Exponential Model. It showed that decomposition for fine root with thinner diameter is faster than that with thicker diameter.(2) The mass loss for the fine root with less than 2mm diameter and within 2-5mm diameter is 41.30% and 37.64% after half-year decomposition respectively, 62.61% and 56.27% after one year decomposition respectively.(3) It takes 8.13 months and 9.75 months respectively for 50% mass loss and 38.77 months and 48.36 months for 95% mass loss respectively for the two diameter classes of fine root.

Abstract: Homemade seedling bricks, which mixed and suppressed with the plant additive, clay, compost, slow-release fertilizer, can create a good living environment for plant growth, guide the development and growth of plant roots, achieve integration of bricks and seedlings to plant, and the seedlings transplant without time limit. We tested the molding density, shatter resistance, seepage rate and other physical properties of seedling bricks without plant additive, adding 5% and 10% of wheat straw, wheat shells and corn leaves, and the results show that adding plant additive can improve the physical properties of the seedling bricks effectively. The minimum density of the seedling brick contains 10% corn leaves, the minimum shatter resistance of the seedling brick contains 10% wheat straw, and the maximum seepage rate of the seedling brick contains 10% wheat straw.

Abstract: The photosynthetic ecophysiological characters of 4 different Illicium lanceolatum provenances in three different growth seasons were measured. The results showed that significant differences of photosynthesis were existed among provenances and their growth seasons. 1) In the early growth period, the decreasing order of the mean daily net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of 4 provenances were Lin’an (LA), Nan’ping (NP), Kai’hua (KH), and Wu’ning (WN) provenance and the order of mean daily transpiration rate (Tr) were LA, KH, NP and WN. In the prosperous growth period, the mean daily Pn ranked as in the decreasing order of WN, KH, LA and NP, and that of mean daily Tr were WN, KH, NP and LA. In the late growth period, the decreasing order of mean daily Pn were LA, KH, WN and NP. 2) I.lanceolatum had the obvious seasonal difference in the average value of Pn and Tr and that was ranked in decreasing order as flourishing growth period>early growth period >late growth period. 3) The path coefficient analysis indicated that the decreasing orders of important factors which affected Pn were temperature of leaf (Tleaf ), internal CO₂ concentration (Ci), difference of saturation of water vapor (Vpdl), Tr, stomatal conductance (Cond), temperature of air (Tair)and air CO₂ concentration of (Ca).

Abstract: Abstract: Freezing injury in winter is the key meteorological disaster during Nafeng citrus cultivating. Based on the data of the Nanfeng citrus yield, planting area and freezing injury lost and the minimum air temperature in winter from 1961-2010, the meteorological yield was decomposed. By using the risk assessment methods, weather index and yield loss rate caused by freezing injury was determined, and weather-based index for Nanfeng citrus freezing injure insurance was designed. Occurrence probability of freezing injury was determined by extreme value theory, premium rate was counted and weather-based index insurance contact was designed. Insurance product based on weather index for Nanfeng citrus freezing injury is designed for the needs of policy-guided agricultural insurance. It can be used for avoidance of converse choice and moral hazard, and thus resolving the problems of high indemnity costs and low indemnity efficiency in agricultural insurance.