Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: For obtaining hypercellulolytic strains, Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 was treated by UV irradiation. After twice selection and 7 subcultures conduction, A5, A9, A13 and A22 four mutant strains were abtained, and their filter paper activity (FPA) increased 31.01%, 29.83%, 55.35%, 32.27% respectively than parent strain. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) demonstrated there was existed genetic diversity between the mutants. The maximum filter paper activity (FPA) of A13 achieved 6.09 U/ml by central composite design (CCD). For applying into poplar hydrolysis, the mixed cellulase of A13 and Eupenicillium javanicum ZN-205 resulted in superior production of reducing sugar than its single cellulase counterparts. The maximum reducing sugar production was 25.75g/L in 5% substrate, and the corresponding saccharification rate was 78.18%.

Abstract: Italic textThis research utilized a custom-made air fumigation equipment to evaluate the tolerance of 10 species of side-walk trees with 600, 1000 and 2000 ppb Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) for 48 hours. The tolerance of tested trees toward SO₂ pollution was analyzed. Results showed that these plants influenced by high concentration SO₂ gas with physiology properties changes and the decrease of photosynthetic rates and the stomata conductance than before fumigation. The net photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance of tested trees was linearly correlated to each tested tree species. Among tested tree, the Quercus glauca had the highest tolerance in exposure with high concentration of SO₂ pollutant. While the Camellia axillaries was the least.

Abstract: Cultivated C. acuminata was distributed widely in arid area belonging to middle part of China where plant medicinal material industrials were highly developed due to limited wild resources. It was showed that drought situation could result in rapid decrease of leaf RWC lower than 50% after 6 hours of treatment and exerted adverse effects on growth and development of C. acuminata seedlings. In this paper, proteomics was used to investigate protein changes and their ecological adaptation to desiccation with the treatment of 15% PEG8000 solute to one-year C. acuminata seedlings. 2-DE was adopted to reflect total protein changes after 0 and 30 min, 3h and 5h of treatment and the different expressing blots was identified using PMF attempting to demonstrate damage mechanism of desiccation to plants and ecologically adapting. The results showed that the degradation of Rubisco large subunit (Rubisco LSU) occurred and HSP70 was implicated in the modulation process within 5 h treatment.

Abstract: Because use of plastic in cotton field made a lot of dibutyl phthalate contaminants, they were introduced to the soil of cotton field. Through the germination of cotton seeds and cotton seedling physiological indicators will be measured to study the dibutyl phthalate on cotton growth and development impact. The results showed that different concentrations of n-butyl phthalate had some of the cotton seed germination inhibition, and with increasing concentrations its inhibition increased .But at low concentrations of dibutyl phthalate promoted seed germination. Dibutyl phthalate produced an effect on cotton SOD, POD and CAT activity, with increasing the concentration of DBP, SOD and CAT activity of cotton leaves began to increase subsequently reduce the phenomenon appears. MDA levels have been rising, cotton cell membrane damaged.

Abstract: The effect of UV-B radiation on activities of the glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and GSH content in Sargassum thunbergii, an intertidal macroalgae, were analyzed. While GR and GPx activities were relative stable in a low dosage of UV-B radiation (Luv), they decreased significantly under high dosage of UV-B radiation (Huv) with prolonged exposure. However, the activity of GST in Huv treatment did not decrease obviously in comparison with that of the control. GSH content increased rapidly under Luv and a medium dosage of UV-B radiation (Muv) with moderate exposure in the early stage. H2O2 and TBARS accumulated rapidly, particularly for Muv and Huv treatments. These data indicate that S. thunbergii lacks tolerance to relatively higher dose of UV-B stress, although GSH-related enzymes may play certain role against UV-B induced oxidative damage.

Abstract: The red spider mite (Tetranchus cinnabarinus Boisduval) is one of the main pests in the world and the risk of invasion posed by this mite is becoming more and more serious with regard to increasing areas of planting cassava in China. It is urgent to analyze the potential geography distribution of T. cinnabarinus among cassava in China. The environmental suitability of T. cinnabarinus in China was studied in this paper using Maxent and ArcGIS, based on the biological data and known distribution of T. cinnabarinus. The results showed that there were 4 levels of suitability assessment of T. cinnabarinus in China. The prediction showed T. cinnabarinus mainly distributed in South China, especially in Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. The potential geographic distribution of T. cinnabarinus in China defined in this paper constructed the theory basis and technical support for scientifically forming of control measures for T. cinnabarinus in China.

Abstract: The low concentration of SO₂ in the air can promote stomata opening of plants and improving plant photosynthetic rate, but the gradual accumulation of SO₂ on plant leaves can convert the chlorophyll into phaeophytin, which has no photosynthetic activity, and then affect the plant growth and crop production. After Fumigation with SO₂ in soybean under several different concentrations (4 µl/l,10 µl/l,20 µl/l,40 µl/l) and time spans(1h,2h,4h) respectively, the photosynthesis and gas exchange characteristics were determined. The experimental data showed: (1) with the increasing of concentration and time for fumigation, SO₂ had a great adverse effect on photosynthesis in soybean. Such as the light saturation point of plants decreased, the light compensation point increased, and the maximum net photosynthetic rate reduced significantly (e.g., fumigation with SO₂,4-40 µl/l-4 h, Anmax reduced 29.5% to control) compared with the control plants’. (2)After all kinds processing time, low concentration of fumigation (4µl/l) caused larger stomatal conductance than control. However, the other treatments caused smaller gs than control. (3)gs revealed significant positive correlation with transpiration rate(E), each treatment and control shows r ≥0.9,P2. (5)Concentration of chlorophyll was no insignificant differences with the control at different treatments. After fumigation, the range of chlorophyll a / b was 1.39~1.61 and there was no big difference from control (chlorophyll a / b is 1.49), except the treatment of 20µl/l-1h, which had a significant decline in chlorophyll b (chlorophyll a / b is 1.71).Results: (1) SO₂ concentration had greater impact on soybean than time of fumigation, and the impact of high concentration in short time on soybean was obviously significant. (2) SO₂ fumigation in short time and low concentration can promote stomata open, however SO₂ also can damage the photosynthetic activity of chlorophyll. After a long time of fumigation, photosynthetic rate decreased rapidly, even if gs increased.

Abstract: The allozyme and RAPD technologies in this paper were used to investigate ecologically genetic characteristics of natural population of Leynus chinensis, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Rhodiola sachalinensis in northeast of China. The populations of them separately displayed characteristics of steady, expansive and endangered. According to the theory of plant life cycle forms established by Zu, they belong to Vegetative growth form (V), Sexual reproduction form (S) and Clone reproduction form (C). The result of allozyme and RAPD analyses indicated that genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in population corresponded with classification by this theory. This will provide an alternative for us to understand and assess the ecologically genetic characteristics of different populations.

Abstract: Stephanie Kwangsiensis H. S. Lo and Salvia prionitis Hance were two rare and valuable Chinese herbs. Genetic diversity of the two plants were studied by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers after they were transplantation and tissue culture. Results indicated that Nei’s gene diversity (H), Shannon’s information index (I), the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) of source / transplantation / tissue culture materials of S. Kwangsiensis H. S. Lo were H=0.282 / 0.195/ 0.056, I=0.415 / 0.290 / 0.087, PPL=75.6% / 56.1% /19.5% based on RAPDs and H=0.295 / 0.292 / 0.111, I=0.445 / 0.435 / 0.166, PPL=85.3% / 85.3% / 32.8% based ISSRs. And the same parameters of source / transplantation / tissue culture materials of S. prionitis Hance were H=0.193 / 0.192 / 0.231, I=0.291 / 0.289 /0.347, PPL=57.8% / 57.2% / 68.6% based on RAPDs and H=0.217 / 0.217 / 0.155, I=0.327 / 0.326 /0.235, and PPL=64.2% / 64.2% / 49.1% based on ISSRs instead. For the transplanted materials, genetic diversity was slightly declining with the disappearance of adversity. And for the tissue culture materials, more genets sampled for tissue culture, less reduction of genetic diversity; and fewer genets sampled, more reduction of genetic diversity. In addition, high genetic diversity appearing in tissue culture materials of S. prionitis Hance partially generate from somatic mutations. And these mutations maybe related to RAPD-PCR regions and just had been checked out by RAPDs.

Abstract: Nostoc flagelliforme is a kind of terrestrial cyanobacterium with high economic value. Dissociated cells, which separated from a natural colony of N. flagelliforme, could be cultivated heterotrophically in the darkness on xylose and glucose under fed-batch culture conditions. Growth and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production in different cultures are investigated. At harvest time, the cultures contain 1.215 g•L-1 of biomass and 122.5 mg•L-1 of EPS respectively. The gravimetric EPS production rate is 17.5 mg•g-1•day-1, which is 1.65 times higher than previously reported results for heterotrophic Nostoc flagelliforme grown on xylose batch culture.