Advanced Materials Research Vols. 550-553

Abstract: Propionic acid has been received increasing attention due to its various usages as an antifungal agent in food and a chemical in the production of several chemical products. In order to develop an alternative production process of propionic acid such as fermentation of glycerol, the cost effective recovery process of propionic acid from its fermentation broth is needed. Differently from conventional physical extraction, long chain amine (TOA)-based extraction is the separation process using reactions between amine and materials extracted. The equilibrium distribution of propionic acid increased with amine concentration and decreased with increase of n-heptane composition in mixed diluents. From the loading values with TOA concentrations, it was found that the stoichiometries of acid-amine-1-octanol complex were (1,1) and (1,1,1). From this study, amine-based extraction can be promising separation process for the recovery of propionic acid.

Abstract: The environmentally benign Suzuki cross-coupling reaction was developed by using ScCO₂ (Supercritical CO₂) instead of traditionally organic solvent. In the paper the compound phenylferrocene was synthesized by the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of iodoferrocene and phenylboronic acids in ScCO₂/PEG (polyethylene glycol) with excellent yield ratio in the presence of ligand-free Pd/C catalyst and K₂CO₃.1.5H₂O as base. The Pd/C catalyst can be reused by simply washing sequence and CO₂ can be recycled after depressurization. The catalytic reaction conditions were optimized in the reaction using ScCO₂ as solvent.

Abstract: Polyepoxy succinic acid (PESA) is a well-established green scale inhibitor. As compared with the testing results of the samples from some relevant domestic companies, it is found that the scale inhibition performance exhibits a significant deviation from batch to batch. Over the course of PESA synthesis, the focus was on the investigation of the effect of the main process parameters such as pH in the synthetic system, temperature and time upon the scale inhibition performance of the resultant product. The findings show that the pH in the synthetic system affects significantly the intermediate yield in the epoxidation step, and that there exists a correlation between the operational temperature and time in the polymerization process. When the 20 ppm sample prepared at the optimized polymerization temperature and time of 90 °C and 2 h, respectively, was dosed in a testing system, the scale inhibition performance at 10 h on stream is invariably no less than 95%.

Abstract: The adsorption and desorption performance of C.I. Direct Red 13 and C.I. Direct Blue 6 on anionic exchange membrane were studied. The adsorption and desorption performances of anionic exchange membrane under different conditions were compared. The results showed that the adsorption accords with the pseudo-second dynamics model. Langmuir adsorption model could well describe adsorption processes. The addition of inorganic salt Na₂SO₄ in the dye solution had certain influence on the adsorption. The desorption percentage could reach above 80% using the mixture of ethanol, sodium chloride and water solution as desorbent, and the anionic exchange membrane could be reused.

Abstract: A MDI-based waterborne polyurethane emulsion(PU) was synthesized by the reaction of polyester glycol(PBA), di-methylol propionic acid(DMPA) with 4,4`-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) instead of toluene di-isocyanatotoluene(TDI) because of its low toxicity, low saturated vapor pressure. The factors influencing the properties of waterborne polyurethane emulsion were discussed. It was observed that the appearance and properties of the PU emulsion were nearly related with the ratio of NCO/OH(R) and the amount of DMPA.

Abstract: TiO2 catalyst is n-type semiconductor material. As long as the semiconductor absorbs photons of no less than the band gap width，it enters the excited state together with the formation of light-induced hole in the valence band simultaneously. It is perfectly capable of capturing electronic,and the photo-induced electron e- in the conduction band also has high activity to form a redox system in the semiconductor surface through which most of the organic pollutants and partial inorganic pollutants eventually degrade into innoxious substances. It describes the application of photocatalytic oxidation technology in the field such as treatment of industrial wastewater (inorganic polluted water; dye wastewater; papermaking wastewater; pesticide wastewater; oily wastewater) and drinking water. The research shows that various indexes (chromaticity; COD; mineralization rate; bacteria inactivation rate, etc.) of this technology in water treatment application have achieved the required standards.

Abstract: The agro-byproduct culture medium for α-galactosidase production by Aspergillus niger zju-Y1 was optimized with flask-SSF via response surface methodology, maximum α-galactosidase yield at the level of 230.159 U/g dry matter was achieved by using wheat bran and soybean meal as culture medium components. Furthermore, based on the flask-SSF results, the three-section-control strategy was developed for scale-up SSF, making fermentation steadily and efficiently, and the α-galactosidase activity hitting to 174.410 U/g dry matter, which is close to the result of flask-SSF. The results demonstrated that a feasible scale-up SSF mode for α-galactosidase production is successfully set up by combining the utilization of agro-byproduct culture medium and three-section-control strategy.

Abstract: Limestone-gypsum desulfurization (LGD) technique is rather popular with the Electric Utility industries in their desulfuration operation. It’s been proved that, Control of PH Value and the concentration of gypsum may prevent scaling. Adoption of rubber or plastic linings based on the medium traits and the types of desulfuration system can prevent corrosion. Simple internal structure, control of pH Value of absorption liquid between 5.6 ~ 5.8, and limestone of the particle size ≤325 meshes particle above 90% may raise the efficiency of absorption tower, and promote its longevity. Control of the concentration of Chloride ion (Cl-) may guarantee a high quality of gypsum products.

Abstract: Abstract: The non-ionic reverse micelles used for dyeing cotton fabric were prepared with a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) by injecting small amount of reactive dye aqueous solution. The effect of electrolyte on the adsorption capacity of reactive dyes onto cotton fabric in this system was studied. And the adsorption properties of three water-soluble anionic azo dyes including Reactive Blue 222, Reactive Red 195 and Reactive Yellow 145 onto cotton fabric in TX-100 reverse micelle were also studied and compared. The results indicated that reactive dyes showed a better adsorption property on cotton fabric in TX-100 reverse micelle without the addition of NaCl. The adsorption of the dyes onto cotton showed better agreement with Langmuir isotherm equation. Reactive Yellow 145 with lower negative charge and higher hydrophilicity exhibited the higher adsorption capacity than the other dyes. The adsorption process follows by the chemical adsorption.

Abstract: Considering the fractal characteristic of oilseed cake, the relationship between the permeability and the pore fractal dimension of peanut and sesame cake has been investigated. The microstructures of peanut and sesame cake under five applied pressures are measured by using stereo light microscope and Image-pro image analyzer. Using the box-counting method, the fractal dimensions of pore size distributions are measured. A mathematical model incorporated fractal dimension and permeability has been developed to predicate the permeability of compressed peanut and sesame under cold condition based upon combining Hagen-Poiseulle equation with Darcy’s law for flow of fluid through porous media. There is a prediction of permeability of peanut and sesame cake. Thus, a measurement is carried out for validation. The values of mean relative errors are 19.4% and 11.4 respectively. A fairly good agreement is obtained in the case of high applied pressure. And there exists a tendency that the value of the difference between the theoretical calculation and the permeability measurement decrease significantly with the increase of applied pressure.