Advanced Materials Research Vols. 550-553

Abstract: Synergistic extraction technology of ginger polyphenols and antioxidant activities were studied. The extraction yield of total polyphenols with ultrasound wave and microwave synergistic extraction amounted to 4.66% of dry ginger and the content of 6-gingerol of ginger extract was up to 9.29%, whereas the extraction yield of total phenols with Soxhlet extraction for 2 hours for three times was no more than 3.48% of dry ginger and the content of 6-gingerol was only 4.02%. The antioxidant activities were investigated employing various established in vitro systems such as reductive power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. These scavenging abilities all increased with its increasing concentration, and the inhibiting effects to reductive power, DPPH radical and lipid peroxidation were markedly better than those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), the inhibiting effect to hydroxyl radical was a less effective compared to BHT. All these results indicate that ultrasound wave and microwave synergistic extraction is a rapid extraction method with a good selectivity, and the ginger extract has good scavenging effect, compared with BHT, determine its potential as a natural preservative.

Abstract: The green chemistry technology is pivotal for the continuable development, the applcation and progress in this fields for the fuel industry is studied detailedly in this paper. It indicated the new substituted fuel and new ingredients gasoline technology is important for the environment. And that it is also an important work to study the exploitation of the coal in non-combustion field; it not only can make full use of the coal but also can improve the value of the coal. The coal liquefaction process is an important method to obtain the high value products from the coal, and it also can reduce the pollution contrast with the direct combustion.

Abstract: Thailand Has a Large Amount of Lands for the Rice Cultivation which Ranked as the Fifth of the World and Stays on its Position as the World’s Largest Rice Exporter. A Huge Number of Biomass Wastes from the Rice Mill Process, Rice Husk, Lead to the Environmental Problems in Thailand. however, there Is an Alternative Way to Turn this Waste into an Advantage. Rice Husk Is Full of Lignocellulose and SiO2; Therefore, it Becomes a Great and Resource of the Biomass Material for the Chemical and Biological Production. Lignin and Hemicellulose from Rice Husk Could Be Extracted and Hydrolysed by Base and Acid Solution, Respectively. the Aims of this Work Were to Extract Lignin and to Hydrolyse Hemicellulose from Rice Husk; Furthermore, this Work Was to Determine the Optimum Concentration of Acid Solution and Reaction Time for Hemicellulose Extraction. Rice Husk Was Dried and then Milled to Obtain the Average Particle Diameter of 355 μm. the Lignin Extraction Was Performed in Term of NH4OH Solution (10% v/v) at 25oC for 24 h with Dual-action Shakers. then, the Hemicellulose Was Hydrolyzed by Hcl Solution (2, 4, 6 and 8% v/v) Using a Solid/liquid Ratio of 1g Dry Weight/20 ml of HCl Solution and Heated at 100oC for 3 and 5 h with Reflux Method. the Samples Were Characterized by UV Spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDS). the Results Indicated that the Lignin Content Was 12.3% w/w when Applying of 10% v/v of NH4OH. Moreover, the Highest Hemicellulose Content (35.5 %w/w) Was Obtained by 6% v/v of Hcl at 100oC for 5 h. Scanning Electron Micrograph Showed that the Rice Husk Composed of Cell Wall and Cellulose Fibers. these Cellulose Fibers Were Separated by Removing Lignin and Hemicellulose. According to, the EDS Analysis Showed that the only Rice Husk Cell Wall Consists of SiO2.

Abstract: At present, most of the fields have entered the stage with high moisture content. So fracturing as an important stimulation is particularly important. Through a lot of theoretical analysis and experimental studies. The water insoluble matter of modified guar gum we composed is much lower than before. It has a better tackifier performance. The GHPG can cross-link with cross-linker in weakly acidic conditions. So it can avoid the damage of the fracturing fluid to the formation of desensitization. And the fracturing fluid has higher strength, stability. It has a better gel breaking performance after which the viscosity is 1.87 mPa·s. So it can reduce the damage to reservoir permeability greatly

Abstract: Oily sludge mainly comes from well site and precipitation tank in gathering point. It is very harmful to oilfield environment and has been a problem of oilfields for a long time. On the base of analyses of the composition solid content of oily sludge in Shengli oilfield, a profile control agent has been developed. Plugging property evaluation experiment showed that this kind of profile control agent possessed core plugging ratio above 99 percent and breakthrough pressure above 10 MPa. So it has higher plugging strength. Parallel core experiment showed that most of the profile control agent is injected into the high permeability zone, for the reservoir whose permeability contrast is above 7, and the harm of profile control agent to low permeability zone is below 15 percent. This oily sludge profile control agent can be used in profile controlling of waterflood input well and steam blocking of thermal production well, this technology will have a good effect in field application.

Abstract: Air pollution has a significant impact of human health. As modern individuals spend most of the day in tightly insulated buildings, there is a strong need for strategies to improve the quality of indoor air. A number of air cleaning methods ranging from simple filtration to photonic technologies have been used in commercial and residential air purifiers. Recently, a novel technology called Nano-Confined Catalytic Oxidation (NCCO) has been developed. In this study, the potential of NCCO versus two other commonly-used air purifiers to reduce odor nuisances caused by ammonia, toluene and hydrogen sulfide is evaluated. Twenty volunteers are asked to evaluate the odor levels before and after air purification, in a safe, controlled environment. The changes in odorant concentrations are also measured. The findings suggest that the NCCO-based air purifier outperforms the two other common residential air purifiers.

Abstract: The solvent extraction and stripping of titanium(Ⅳ) from acidic chloride solutions by trioctylphosphine oxide（TOPO） in kerosene has been investigated. The solvent extraction results demonstrate that the extracted titanium is present as TiCl₄.2TOPO. The kinetics of the extraction process is very fast, since the equilibrium is reached in 5 min. In addition, the extraction of titanium (Ⅳ) increases with the total chloride concentration in the aqueous phase, as well as with the extractant concentration in the organic phase. The loading capacity of TOPO for titanium (Ⅳ) is 4.60g/100g TOPO. The stripping results show that when the O/A phase radio changing from 1 to 10, titanium (Ⅳ) is completely stripped from the mental loaded organic phase of TOPO with 1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. Thus titanium (Ⅳ) can be enriched to tenfold concentration by the stripping.

Abstract: A series of Brönsted acidic ionic liquids based on 2-pyrrolidonium, 1-methylimidazolium, morpholinium and 4-methylmorpholinium cations ([Hnhp]⁺, [Hmim]⁺, [Hnhm]⁺ and [Hnmm]⁺) with anions HSO₄ˉ and BF₄ˉ, were synthesized. Their catalytic activities in the esterification of n-butyric acid with ethanol were studied and the relationships between catalysis performance and acidity were discussed. The optimum conditions of the esterification were determined as follows: 80 °C oil bath, n (n-butyric acid): n (ethanol): n ([Hnhp]HSO₄) = 1:1.2:0.4 and t = 2 h, the yield of ethyl butyrate could reach 86%. There is no appreciable decrease of catalyst activity of [Hnhp]HSO₄ after 5 cyclic repetitions.

Abstract: In order to conquer the disadvantages of conventional acidizing,various special acidizing technology has been developed recent years.For instance, added mud acid into drilling mud is not able to remove the contaminant effectively, especially barium sulphide of drill fluid,however, if added some EDTA into mud acid,this problem can be resolved smoothly.Along with the gradual development of acidizing technology,considering the limitations of mud acid to certain rock and clay,a new acidizing material called nitric powder was developed.When the proportion of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid is 1:3,the mixture will be renamed nitrohydrochloric acid.Nitrohydrochloric acid can dissolve organic material and inanimate matter efficiently,theoretically speaking,this deliquescence may reach 100%，which greatly improved acidizing effect.

Abstract: Perovskite La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-α (LSCF) hollow fibre membranes were fabricated by a combined phase inversion and sintering technique. The prepared membrane possessed a novel structure consisting of only one thin dense layer and one porous layer. A porous layer of platinum was coated on the outer surface of the hollow fibres to improve the surface exchange reactions. Oxygen permeation fluxes through both the original and modified hollow fibre membranes were measured under air/He gradients at different temperature. The results indicated that the oxygen permeation fluxes can be improved from the initial values of 0.17-1.58 ml cm^-2 min^-1 in the original hollow fibre membrane to 0.29-3.99 ml cm^-2 min^-1 in the Pt-modified membrane in the temperature range of 750-950 °C. An oxygen spillover mechanism has been put forward to explain the effect of Pt on the improvement of oxygen permeation fluxes.