Advanced Materials Research Vols. 550-553

Abstract: The H₂SO₄ phase and HI_x phase solution produced from Bunsen reaction section in SI (Sulfur-iodine) process were supplied to the phase separator for the continuous operation of SI process. However, the separation of Bunsen products in the phase separator is difficult because an excess of HI_x phase solution existed in the phase separator than the H₂SO₄ phase solution. Therefore, the additional supply of H₂SO₄ to the phase separator as the phase separation method was considered for improvement of phase separation efficiency. In this work, the variations in volume ratio and composition of each phase solution were examined after the Bunsen product mixing on the HI_x phase/H₂SO₄ phase volume ratio. As the results, the variation in composition of products increases with increase of the HI_x phase/H₂SO₄ phase volume ratio after mixing. It was also found that the high variations in composition and volume ratio of Bunsen products by mixing in the presence of excess HI_x phase. From the results, we concluded that the phase separation method, additional supply of H₂SO₄ phase solution to the phase separator, is effective in Bunsen product separation when the variation in composition is little.

Abstract: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be a promising technology for clean and efficient power generation in the twenty-first century. Current PEMFCs are usually flat designs which needs the expensive bi-polar to transport the reactants to every fuel cell. In this paper, a novel cylindrical PEMFC has been designed and made. The structure of cathode is a spiral. The static analysis and thermal analysis of the cell shell and the spiraled cathode were carried out with FEM software. Based on the simulation, the cylindrical PEMFC has been made and tested. The simulation results show that the cylindrical PEMFC meets the requirements of the mechanical performance and electricity performance. The tested result shows that the power density of the cylindrical PEMFC can reach 10mW/cm2 when the hydrogen pressure is 0.2Mpa and the open circuit voltage is 0.8V.

Abstract: This paper provides an overview on the current status of power generation in China using coal gangue. The government regulation towards the use of coal gangue for power generation is introduced. Emission of pollutants and low thermal power plant efficiency are the two major problems for the power industry firing coal gangue. Particulate matter emission control is a problem due to the high ash content. Sulfur emissions from these units are easily controlled mostly through lime/limestone injection and in-situ capture. Overall, efficient power generation using coal gangue is a promising approach to reduce the use of coal resources and reduce the environmental impacts.

Abstract: This paper mainly focused on the characteristics of pyrolysis temperature and the bio-fuel production, and the energy recovery efficiency of sludge by MP was also explored.The results show that the final temperature of sample added carbonaceous residue (CR) is above 700°C and the maximum heating rate is up to 1.783°C/s. While the maximum heating rate of sludge with activated carbon (AC) is 1.084°C/s. The caloric value of the oil production can reach 41.57MJ/kg, and the content of PAHs is less than 4.54%. The volume fractions of H₂ and CO in the gas production are higher than 54%, and the caloric values are higher than 9 540kJ/m³. The oil and gas production can use as the bio-fule.The energy of total bio-fuel obtained sample with CR is 6.99MJ/kg, and the energy recovery ratio is up to 45.63%. The MP is a potential method for the energy recovery of sludge.

Abstract: Recycling excessive methanol is simulated and experimentalized by adiabatic flash evaporation. The simulated results show that: methanol recovery and methanol purity in gas phase for one-stage flash process are almost same with two-stage flash process and one-stage flash process is more beneficial by thinking of equipment and operation cost. The experimental results show that flash pressure has a significant influence on methanol recovery and methanol purity in gas phase which can be effectively improved when flashing pressure is reduced. Meanwhile, reaction temperature and reaction pressure also have important effects on methanol recovery and methanol purity in gas phase. For continuous producing biodiesel in supercritical methanol, when the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure and the molar ratio of methanol/oil are kept at 300°C, 15 MPa and 25:1, respectively, methanol recovery and methanol purity in gas phase can reach 90% and 98.8% respectively if the flashing pressure is kept at 0.2MPa. Therefore, the flash evaporation device coupled with tubular reactor for high purity separation of methanol is very effective which can realize comprehensive utilization of heat energy and separation and recycle of methanol.

Abstract: he characteristics of pyrolysis gaseous are conducted out in a laboratory pyrolysis unit with a 30 g charge at vary finial temperature .Based on isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was also applied to study the effects of heating rate on the pyrolysis characteristics of tailings in nitrogen atmosphere. The TG/DTG results show that the heating rate increases, the temperature of volatile matter initiation increases, the total volatile matter evolved decreases and the DTG peak shifts toward higher temperature range. The experiment indicated that with increasing heating temperature in rank, total gas, caloric value, H2 and CO yields gradually increases and CH4 and CO2 first increase and then decrease for all samples. The evolution behavior of gaseous products during primary devolatilisation (400–550°C)and secondary devolatilisation (700–850°C) was also discussed. The results showed that the gas yield was up to 4.306L and the largest capacity hydrogen production was 1.72L in the 950°C and by the charge (30 g ).

Abstract: Through studying technology of the seal ring production of alkaline storage battery, some products were often found to have defects, such as product short shot, yellow and transparence was not good. According to the to identify the causes of the defects, in order to find ways to solve these problems, production processes were reasonably optimized .Under the seal ring of the injection molding process, raw material preparation, injection molding and post-processing work pieces in three stages, combined with the affecting factors in producing the ring. From the key factor that choose and control of the processing condition of the molding material, molding equipment, injection molding process in the appropriate temperature, pressure, velocity and time conditions, to find performance parameters of producing high quality seal, giving countermeasures to defects emerged in the production of alkaline batteries seal ring.

Abstract: The core displacement experiments show that displacement system containing chemical agent can enhance oil recovery by over 20% comparing to water flooding. Mechanisms by which chemical agent enhance oil recovery of heavy oil reservoir water flooding are: (1) improving mobility ratio by significantly decreasing viscosity of heavy oil, volumetric sweep efficiency is improved; (2) increasing capillary number by significantly decreasing oil-water interfacial tension, oil displacement efficiency is increased; (3) changing wettability of the rock surface from oil-wet to water-wet by significantly reducing the contact angle between displacement liquid and sandstone surface, capillary force is changed from the resistance force to the motive force, the residual oil is expelled from the small pores and the wall of pores, oil displacement efficiency is significantly increased.

Abstract: The straw biomass pretreatment technology is the key to the study of fuel ethanol. Freeze-thaw pretreatment of wheat straw is in its infancy. In this paper, we investigated influencing factors including the ratio of solid to liquid, crushed particle size, the difference of the solid to liquid in the wet milling processing. When the solid-liquid ratio is 1:18, hydrolysis rate can be increased by 17.93% and when crushed particle size of 120 meshes, enzymatic hydrolysis rate of 39.55%. Due to the traditional freeze-thaw technology is simply freezing and thawing process, the enzymatic hydrolysis rate only can be increased by about 15%. Therefore, we improve traditional process by wet grinding and freeze-thaw combining at the same time to take advantage of the cold weather in winter for the purpose to improve treatment effectiveness and feasibility of freezing and thawing. After this treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis rate increased by 57.50%.

Abstract: The three photovoltaic cells with two different anode buffer layer on the basis of Pentacene/C60 as active layer was fabicated, the effect and mechanism of anode buffer layer on performance of organic photovoltaic cell are explored. The experimental result shows transition metal oxide inserted between organic active layer and ITO could increase short circuit current and open-circuit voltage,power conversion efficiency is increased to 107%,so it is effective anode buffer material.