Advanced Materials Research Vols. 608-609

Abstract: In recent years, the price of oil has been soaring. As an alternative energy, natural gas could well be the main energy of the future development. Next twenty years will be the age of rapid natural gas growing. It has been predicted that China will be one of the largest global natural gas consumers. Twenty-five percent of country’s total natural gas consumption was imported. However, China is unable to be self-sufficient in natural gas resources in last ten years. So it is necessary to depend on imports to meet the rapid rise in natural gas demand. There are two main channels to import natural gas: pipeline transportation and ship-loading liquefied natural gas. Due to the limitation of pipeline transportation, ship-loading LNG will be China’s major import channel in the future. LNG is irreplaceable, wide-used, clean and low-carbon. With continued progress in mining technique and the discoveries of unconventional energy, the available natural gas resources in China will be increasingly rich; this enables sustainable development in energy. The introduction and innovation of liquefaction technique and the localization of LNG technique will improve the embarrassing dependence on imported process technology and supply strong technique support for the development of LNG. Domestic liquefied natural gas plants’ out-put is expected to exceed 7.5 million tons per year. As the key measure to reduce PM 2.5 emission, LNG will gradually replace oil as a new-generation car fuel and become the new surpass the old-timer. With the implementation of LNG terminal project, the reception capacity will gradually increase. It is predicted that the reception capacity of China will reach about 65 million tons per year in 2015. Based on the present data, the utilization and promotion of LNG will explosively grow. This article is concerned with the following topics: utilization of LNG, the future of LNG, and some related problems and suggestions regarding LNG.

Abstract: Bio-oil derived from biomass fast pyrolysis and biodiesel are all clean and renewable energy, which have been paid more and more attention by relevant researchers. The technology of biomass pyrolysis oil’s refining and producing second generation biodiesel by hydrotreating process are developed rapidly. This article presents the new research progress in the bio-oil hydrotreating refining for fuel.

Abstract: Dry anaerobic fermentation of animal manure and straw was conducted to produce biogas. Under C/N=25-30 and TS=20%, three different temperature conditions of room temperature condition(16.5°C-25°C), mesophilic condition(36°C) and thermophilic condition(55°C) were tested to investigate the effect of operation temperature on dry fermentation. The results show that dry fermentation under room temperature starts up slowly with low biogas production, so room temperature is unfit for dry fermentation. Dry fermentation under thermophilic condition and mesophilic condition proceed steadily with high biogas production and mesophilic condition is more suitable for dry fermentation. The organic loading rates under thermophilic condition and mesophilic condition are 1.69 kg•m-3•d-1 and 1.89 kg•m-3•d-1 respectively with total solid (TS) biogas yields of 0.237 m3•kg-1 and 0.208 m3•kg-1, and volumetric biogas yields of 0.401 m3•m-3•d-1 and 0.393 m3•m-3•d-1 respectively. It could provide instructive meaning to the engineering application of dry anaerobic fermentation.

Abstract: Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) biomass-fired technology is emerging biomass utilization technology for its advantages of wide adaptability of fuels, stable combustion, low-pollutants emission, and high boiler efficiency. This paper first makes literature survey of on-site combustion adjustment and performance tests and analyzes main influenced factors on combustion adjustment for CFB biomass-fired boiler, including unit load, bed temperature, bed pressure, fuel characteristics, primary air, secondary air, air ratio, circulating ash. Then combustion adjustment characteristics are studied on the largest-scale biomass-fired power project in China - 2×50MW CFB biomass-fired power plant in Zhanjiang by Guangdong Yudean Group. Main influenced factors and principle problems of combustion adjustment tests such as unit load, bed temperature, fuel deflagration, oxygen content, and exhaust gas temperature are tested and analyzed. Optimized operation suggestions are proposed according to the combustion adjustment tests.

Abstract: Through implementation the positive tax policy and application the “Green Electricity Certificates System”, the bioenergy production and application technologies came to maturity gradually in Sweden: Integrated Forest Biorefinery " produced lots of bioenergy in the form of heat, electricity and fuel particles ;Many heat and power plants used energy plant Salix as biomass fuels, and the plant ash was filled back into Salix field for air purification; City garbage and food industry wastes were produced the biogas for city public transport system. At present, the bioenergy consumption accounts for 1/3 of the total energy consumption. The Bioenergy application in Sweden has a profound and revelatory meaning in the problems of Chinese energy reconstruction, energy saving and emission reduction, area bioenergy production and bioenergy application.

Abstract: The operation of many biomass-based power plants in China have demonstrated that biomass supply logistics system is a key part to achieve economic, stable, and safe operation for such plants. In this paper, the straw biomass supply system of a biomass-based power plant located in Wangkui County, Heilongjiang Province was analyzed, and a mathematical model was established to optimize the fuel supply system. In consideration of the current straw biomass fuel supply system in China, that is "fuel origin – purchasing station - power plant", appropriate hypothesis and simplification were made on the linear transportation model. The logistics parameters for the biopower plant were obtained through the model analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to analyze the optimal delivered cost of biomass under different operation scenarios, which enhanced the reliability of the final results. The optimal model proposed in this paper can also be used as a reference for the other biopower plants in the other regions.

Abstract: Biomass energy is abundant on earth, inexhaustible renewable energy only. Development and utilization of biomass energy is one important way to solve the world's energy and environmental issues. Development of biomass energy application technology has become a world focus. In this paper, we summarized the development and utilization technologies of biomass energy, reviewed the status of biomass energy utilization at home and abroad, analyzed the situation facing and problems existing in utilization of biomass energy development at home and proposed development strategies of biomass energy. In order to ensure China's energy "independence" and "security", we must develop practical biomass energy development strategies consistent with China's national conditions; promote vigorously the development and utilization of biomass energy technology industrialized and effort to improve our level.

Abstract: Fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil is an important technology to utilize lignocellulosic biomass materials, as it offers a convenient way to convert solid biomass mainly into the liquid bio-oil. Bio-oil is regard as a promising candidate of petroleum fuels, but it is a low-grade liquid fuel and difficult to be used in various thermal devices, due to the presence of many undesirable components. One of the undesirable components is the solid particles, resulting from insufficient separation of the pyrolytic products. The solid particles will bring many negative effects to the storage and combustion of bio-oil, and thus, should be removed. This paper reviews the recent progress on the removal of solid particles, through the filtration of liquid bio-oil or pyrolysis vapors.

Abstract: In this paper, two kinds of micro-emulsified biodiesel containing 5.6% and10% water are prepared. The effects of micro-emulsified biodiesel on engine’s power, combustion and emission characteristics are investigated in a DI diesel engine. The results show that under the rated speed and full load operating conditions, the maximum pressure rise rate and peak heat release rate for micro-emulsified biodiesel increase dramatically, while the ignition delay is prolonged and the combustion duration becomes shorter. Compared to base diesel, the HC, CO and smoke emissions from the engine fueled with biodiesel decrease sharply, except for a 9% increased NOx at large loads. However, micro-biodiesel could significantly reduce the NOx and smoke emissions, except for the higher HC and CO emissions at low and medium loads. When fuelled with 10%MB, the NOx and smoke emissions are 9% and 90% lower than that of diesel, respectively. Results reported here suggest that the application of micro-emulsified biodiesel in diesel engines has a potential to improve combustion process and reduce NOx, PM emissions simultaneously.

Abstract: As a kind of renewable resource, biodiesel can relieve the shortage of oil resources. This paper tests the emission performance of biodiesel fueled on 4102ZL diesel engine and makes a contrastive analysis with the emissions of 0# diesel fuel. The test result shows improvement of varying degrees in the emission indexes of the engine fueled with B100 soybean biodiesel.