Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: This paper draws attention to the changing status of studies on the restoration ecological economic value with regard to vegetation restoration. It presents an attempt to calculate the dynamic economic value in the process of vegetation restoration in Xiaoliang, tropical China. The results showed that restoration ecological economic value increased from 509 RMB•hm-2 to 119,070 RMB•hm-2 during the 45 years. With the vegetation restoration went on, the increasing velocity slowed down. In the first 15 years, the velocity was more than 100% and slowed down gradually then after 20 years later. If compared by value construction, the direct economic value increased from 101 RMB•hm-2 to 32,782 RMB•hm-2 during the 45 years, and the indirect economy value increased from 408 RMB•hm-2 to 86288 RMB•hm-2. From the perspective of the value amount of each service function in the restoration process of the degraded ecosystem, the value amount was ordered as O2 relief > Carbon sequestration > Soil conservation > Climate regulation > Water conservation. And also, the tendency of each value was different, soil conservation service function and the climate regulation were the most remarkable here, after restored for 20 years, the soil conservation remained stable, the soil conservation economy value presented the same tendency, while the value of climate regulation fluctuated after 15 years’ restoration. The results suggest that the restoration ecological economic value was a time-dependent, dynamic accumulation consistent with the ecological effect of the restored forest. In addition, the restoration ecological economic value at different ages in a restored forest ecosystem was consistent with the values found for some regional natural forest ecosystems. These results may be of importance for ecological restoration and forest management in tropical and subtropical regions.

Abstract: Asphalt solidification of hospital waste Incineraten fly ash was studied based on that asphalt can immobilize the heavy metals in fly ash. In the nature hospital waste incineraten fly ash, the leachate concentration of Zn (279.2 mg/L) and Pb (19.88 mg/L)) were significantly higher than the regulatory limit by TCLP test while the leachate concentration of Cu (1.51 mg/L), Cd(0.97 mg/L) and Ni (0.49 mg/L) were respectively beyond the regulatory limit of TCLP. In the asphalt solidified hospital waste incineraten fly ash, the leachate concentration of the heavy metals increased with the increase of fly ash rate in solidified fly ash from 10% to 40%, and the leachate concentration of 5 studied heavy metals were under the limit of the standard.

Abstract: The research was conducted at east area of Jinan, the capital of Shandong province, China. The pilot-experiment was carried from June, 1, 2009 to October, 1, 2011. Schoolyard sewage was pumped to constructed infiltration pond. Some conclusions were found by pilot experiment: the characteristics of shale ceramsite would changed when the temperature of roast was changed; shale ceramsite had large adsorbed capacity to phosphorus; when the particle diameter was 5-10mm, the removal of phosphorus was the highest

Abstract: Coal fly ash (CFA) was modified by hydrothermal treatment using NaOH solutions for zeolite synthesis. The XRD patterns of zeolite and coal fly ash are presented. The synthesized zeolite was investigated for adsorption of methylene blue（MB）in aqueous solution. It was shown that fly ash and the modified forms could effectively absorb MB. The adsorption isotherm could be described by Freundlich isotherm equations. The pseudo second-order kinetics would be better for fitting the dynamic adsorption of MB.

Abstract: The performance of nitrate reduction in an electrochemical system intensified by different metallic particles was evaluated in the present study. In the electrochemical process without metallic particles, the nitrate removal efficiency was found to be 65.7%, while higher nitrate conversion yields of 82.9%, 87.5% and 93.2% were obtained in the developed system in the presence of iron, steel and copper particles, respectively. Moreover, the presence of metallic particles in the electrochemical process significantly reduced 39.3-49.5% of the energy consumptions for nitrate reduction. Mechanisms of the acceleration of nitrate reduction by the three metallic particles were different. Iron and steel particles in the middle of the electric field dissolved and served as electron donors for nitrate reduction, while the copper particles worked as activated metallic catalysts. Taking into account of safety and operating cost, iron was the optimal choice among the three metallic particles studied.

Abstract: Hangzhou urban agglomeration (HzUA) plays a decisive role in Zhejiang province and even in the Changjiang delta. Whose core is Hangzhou, the main body is Hangzhou district and Huzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing city is the vice center. It is an important subject to evaluate sustainability of the HzUA quantitatively.The article constructs the city ecological efficiency index (CEI) with the emergy analysis theory, analyzes quantitatively the resources supply and environmental capacity of the HzUA. The case study shows that the CEIs of the four major cities are all not high, among 0.15-0.19. Especially, the CEI of Jiaxing is the minimum, although whose renewable natural resources of unit area is the maximum. It is worth attention. To realize the HzUA steady, harmonious and healthy development, two aspects measures must be adopted, namely, adjust industrial structure and strengthen environmental protection.

Abstract: This pilot study discussed the treatment efficiency of municipal wastewater with an integrated AmOn process. Referential data basis were given to develop integrated AmOn Process with high efficiency, reliability, and low energy consumptions. Results show that the efficiency of CODCr and NH3-N removal in pilot-scale system is higher than that in bench-scale test when the water temperature of influent is above 15°C. When the water temperature is below 15°C, the efficiency of CODCr and NH3-N removals of integrated AmOn process become lower, but the treatment efficiency of TN and TP is not affected by lower temperature. However, the whole process can be updated to an A-AmOn system by adding an anaerobic zone before the AmOn process. Hence, the nitrification, denitrification and dephosphorus in the new system could be enhanced, as well as the CODCr removal. The optimal sludge recycle ratio in the A-AmOn system was also studied in this paper. Results indicate that dephosphorus in this system become high when sludge recycle ratio is 3.0; when the ratio is 2.0, the denitrification is higher than that of 3.0. Sludge recycle ratio has less effect on CODCr and NH3-N removal in A-AmOn system.

Abstract: Landfills are unique urban waste landfill type, formed under the severe negative influence of human disturbance, with seriously degradation in ecosystem structure and function. This review analyzes the landfills’ impact on the environment and landscape potential, by utilizing the change of land ecosystem to recover the landfill ecological balance, and coordination of construction and surrounding landscape in order to realize the reconstruction of landscape ecological.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to investigate the application of ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis (UF/RO) for advanced wastewater treatment. Full-scale tests were set up for investigation in Yuntianhua Co.Ltd, Yunnan, China. The performances of turbidity, residual chlorine, conductivity and various ions were studied. The results suggested that the removal efficiency of turbidity was above 98.20%. Additionally, the average value of Silting Density Index (SDI) and residual chlorine of effluent of UF process were less than 1.80 and 0.06mg/L, respectively. However, its removal efficiency was limited by membrane fouling. And this system needed to be backwashed periodically to maintain high removal efficiency. Hardness and scale-forming ions could be decreased effectively by RO. The RO membrane fouling could be avoided by adjusting pH (7.0-7.5) and dosing scale inhibitor (MDC150, 4.00-5.00mg/L). Finally, the effluent of the UF/RO system can be reused as the cooling water or supply water for low-pressure boiler equipment.

Abstract: Ecological environment and socio-economic system has tremendous changed during coal mining, in particular, the coupling relationship between ecological and economic evolued in different stages of coal mining. This article take the process of mining and treatment as a case to study, construct the ecological environment and socio-economic system, system coupling model, coupled model and coupling co-ordination model, to describe succession law of ecological environment and socio-economic system in the coal mining.