Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: Composted sewage sludge can be applied to land to improve soil physical properties and supply nutrients. In this study we use the case of sewage sludge compost applied to the abandon mine located in the Taoyuan Village of Mentougou District of Beijing to supply and illustrate that a new way to improve the mine restoration soil which also could have serviceability to deal with the city sludge. Experimental results showed sewage sludge compost application produced positive effects on the nutrient contents of soil and increased with increasing fertilizing amount.Considering the heavy metals accumulation in mine soil and there availability for crops, the Zn and Hg should be played more attention on the sewage sludge compost application in abandoned mine.

Abstract: With the increasing of electronic waste and the serious pollution to the environment, more and more attentions are paid to the reverse logistics of electronic waste. Problems in the development of the reverse logistics of electronic waste in China are presented. Development countermeasures of the reverse logistics service chain of electronic waste are proposed based on the theories of modern service science and reverse supply chain.

Abstract: We treat black liquor using Aspergillus niger to extract lignin and to improve the utilization value of pulping black liquor. Results show that: The original black liquor directly to the biological treatment by Aspergillus niger, biological bacteria cannot grow, when reaction liquid pH ≤ 9; Inorganic salt concentration ≤7% (mass ratio); The black liquor load ratio is 20% (mass ratio), the condition of Aspergillus niger growth is good, the ability to produce acid is strong. After treatment of Aspergillus niger, liquid pH decreased to 3, Aspergillus niger changes settling performance of lignin, and it’s good for extraction and purification of lignin. Lignin methoxyl content reduced 2.81%, alcoholic hydroxyl content reduced 0.31%, and carboxyl content increased 0.15%.

Abstract: The arsenic-containing rural drinking groundwater was treated by coagulation method in the paper. It was studied that the varieties and dosages of coagulants, pH value and sedimentation time have an effect on removal of arsenic. The experimental results indicated that the rate of arsenic removal is able to reach 95.6% at room temperature and under the condition of neutral pH values, 20 mg of Fe2(SO4)3 as coagulant and 1 h of sedimentation time. The content of arsenic in the treated drinking groundwater can be up to the current national hygiene standards of rural drinking water (<0.05mg /L).

Abstract: Degradation of Lurgi coal gasification wastewater in supercritical water was investigated in a batch reactor, and a combined process of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and gasification was put forward to utilize the material and energy in SCWO effluent. The technical feasibility and economy were evaluated. In the SCWO process, when operated at condition of 500 °C, 25 MPa, oxygen ratio of 3.5 and residence time of 15 min, the concentrations of COD, NH3-N and volatile phenol in effluent reduced to 27, 11 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively, where the removal efficiencies were 99.81%, 99.85% and 99.99%, accordingly. The effluent could reach national discharge standard I (GB 8978-1996), and can be used as the gasification agents of gasifier via a pressure reducer. For a single Lurgi gasifier, the combied process could save 23 t/h of steam and 1550 kg/h of O2, which is equal to 4996 yuan/h.

Abstract: The effects of air remnant on temperature and pressure in medical waste sterilizer were tested using the modern medical waste autoclave. The relations between air remnant, pressure and temperature in sterilizing chamber were also theoretically developed. Both results of theoretical calculation and test indicate that the air remnant in chamber has influence on both temperature and pressure in sterilizer, more air remnant will cause lower temperature at the same pressure in sterilizer chamber. The relationship between temperature and pressure in sterilizer was not Antoine style but a superimposed one, experimental results meet well with the theoretical calculation.

Abstract: Weaponry is an important component of national defence economy and even national economy, its construction and development are closely related to economic problems. Under the situation that the exhausting of natural resources and environmental pollution can't be ignored, the paper centred on the assortment problems of retired or scrapped equipment, classify the equipment from three aspects: special degree, recycle mode and combined classification. Analize the application range, advantages and disadvantages of Army Collect and Dispose mode, Manufacturers Collect and Dispose mode and The Third Party Collect and Dispose mode in detail. On the basis, research the match problems between different assortment and recycling mode of retired or scrapped equipment.

Abstract: The black liquor contains a large amount of suspended solids, organic pollutants and toxic substances, the black liquor discharged directly into water bodies will lead to serious pollution. So we regards the alkaline pulping black liquor as a research object, using autoclave to heat the mixture of aluminum chloride and soda black liquor lignin. By changing the heating temperature and the pH before the heat treatment, we analyze the lignin and carbohydrates in the cooking liquid to study cleavage situation and the corresponding structural changes. The results show that the lignin content accompanied the increase in temperature, organic matter content decreased and part of the decomposition of organic matter. Without adjusting pH, the lignin content is small and ash (inorganic) content is higher.

Abstract: In alkaline conditions, magnesium salt of red liquor will produce precipitation phenomenon and generate colloidal substances. The sediment was mainly lignin sulfonate. In order to extract and separate the lignin sulfonate of red liquid, when the pH of red liquid adjusted to different pH with different alkaline solution, study on its relation to pH and the amount of alkali and precipitation, discuss the relationship to the content of precipitation lignin in red liquid, the viscosity of upper liquid after centrifugation and temperature as well. Adjusting the pH values of red liquid to 13 with NaOH, adjusting it to 12 with KOH, then adjusting its pH to 13 and adding 20 mL Ca(NO3)2. We got that the last kind of condition generate the biggest quantity of precipitation. The changes of temperature and the amount of calcium nitrate can also affect the formation of precipitation, under the optimal conditions of pH, each group of experiments got the largest amount of precipitation at 40 °C; The amount of precipitation increased following the increasing of calcium nitrate content; Ash content increased following the increasing of precipitation content.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the byproduct gas utilization and management status of china's iron and steel plant, point out that the dynamic optimization of surplus gas distribution has a very important position in the management of gas system, and a common model is established using mixed integer MILP (linear programming) method. Two typical enterprise application results show that: The model suitable for different types of iron and steel plant; optimization model can take full account of the characteristics of the adjustable users, CCPP(Combined Cycle Power Plant), blending boilers and gas tanks to maximize overall efficiency; diversification of the buffer unit to ensure security and stability of gas system and qualified enterprises should establish CCPP.