Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: This paper presents the concept and the fundamental issues and the development on the environmental geotechnology in transmission lines foundation engineering. Namely, environmental geotechnology and theory is to study the restriction effects of environment on the transmission line routes, foundation selection and reliability, to predict the results of transmission line foundation construction on the environment, and to study on countermeasures of environmental protection in transmission foundation engineering. And then, from the above three aspects, the design method combined strength and displacement for tower foundation, the selection on foundation types and technical scheme for transmission line tower, and the countermeasures for soil and water conservation, the author introduces the development and practice of environmental geotechnology for transmission lines foundation engineering in China.

Abstract: Fanger’s PMV is the most famous thermal sensation index but it is too complex to be applied in practice. Besides, the PMV index does not take into account the effect of the hourly beam and diffuse solar radiation absorbed by the room on the indoor thermal climate. In order to obtain applicable correlations with consideration of solar radiation, a one-year measurement has been carried out in a naturally ventilated residential room in Qujing Normal University of Yunnan province, China. Based on collected data, PMV indices are calculated by using Newton’s iterative method. The correlations of the PMV and the environmental parameters — outdoor air temperature, indoor mean air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity, and hourly beam and diffuse solar radiation — have been studied by using the multivariable regression techniques. Lots of correlations with high correlativity have been developed in this paper. It is convenient to use these results to predict the indoor thermal climate in the natural ventilation buildings in the subtropical plateau monsoon climate.

Abstract: The research analyzes the residence buildings in winter in China which use toilet exhaust units and kitchen ventilator in various combinations as the existing exhaust system, meanwhile, set adjustable air intakes above bedroom and living room windows respectively. In order to provide certain security to solve the comfortable living environment, the indoor transient CO₂ concentration distribution is simulated in different exhaust conditions by software Airpak.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to study the residential kitchen exhaust pipe system by introducing a gradually expanding oriented structural member called GEOSM for short and analyze the experimental effects of exhaust volume. With the change of the operating rate, we can obtain the best size of the GEOSM. In order to collate and analyze the experimental data, test the experimental effects of the g GEOSM of different sizes. Not only the pressure of main and branch but also the wind speed of the branch is recorded in this paper. In six floors of 400*250 gradually expanding oriented structural member exhaust pipe system, the fan’s volume can completely meet the basic requirements of everyday life whether its volume is high-end or low-end. The effect of exhaust is obviously better than the other size of the GEOSM when the cross section width of the GEOSM is 150mm and the cross section length of the GEOSM is 250mm, the height of the GEOSM is 350mm.There arises more smoke down when the cross section width of the GEOSM is 150mm and the cross section length of the GEOSM is 300mm, the height of the GEOSM is 350mm

Abstract: The ±400 kV Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission Line (QTPTL) was officially operated in December of 2011 on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) in China, crossing 550-km-long permafrost and 438-km-long seasonally frozen ground regions. Some of tower foundations of the QTPTL were buried in permafrost. It faces potential challenges of freeze- and thaw-related geohazards induced by freeze-thaw cycle, active layer thickening and permafrost degradation, which are mainly caused by climate warming, surface disturbance, enhanced heat transfer of concrete pile. These geohazards has become the concerns for stability and integrity of the QTPTL. In this study, some numerical tests on the thermal interaction between pile and permafrost were carried out to investigate impacts of permafrost mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) and ice content of soils surrounding pile on active layer thickening, permafrost degradation and freeze-thaw cycle considering climate warming, surface disturbance and enhanced heat transfer of concrete pile. The research results and discussions are described, which will provide the basis for normal operation and option of countermeasures against thaw settlement and frost jacking of the QTPTL, and the reference for the similar permafrost engineering in cold regions

Abstract: In the 1960s, rapid economic growth of Japan resulted in urban problems such as public hazard, environmental pollution and destruction of historic streetscape etc. To rescue increasingly worsening living environment, various citizen endeavors have been carried out. The reflection of modern urban planning was called "Machi-zukuri". After tens of years of evolution, it has become the representative of the citizens and the citizen groups participating in urban planning, design and government affairs. Landscape "Machi-zukuri" is one of its important types. Through the case analysis of Chiba Townscape Citizen Festival, this paper discusses the successful experience of Japan in improving regional landscape architecture which is worth our reference.

Abstract: To improve the low air velocity above the bed areas during the night in hot summer, the reformed plan for the college dormitory fan was presented.The indoor environment was simulated by the software Airpak3.0 to compaire the fan with both no diversion deflector and diversion deflector (the deflector angles are 60°, 120° and 160°) respectively. And a field test was conducted to confirm the simulation results. The results show that the indoor thermal environment above the bed areas has been improved inordinately if adding a deflector with different angles. The air velocity can be increased by 0.15m/s at most when the deflector angle is 160°, yet the airflow displays most evenly with the 120° deflector angle. Meanwhile, the temperature and thermal discomfort have been decreased. The variation of the simulation and measurement values tends to be consistent, so it suggests the fan installing the diversion deflector may improve the thermal environment of college dormitory.

Abstract: Malaysia has tropical sky conditions, receiving plenty of natural light throughout the year. Natural light fluctuates greatly and it can be rather tricky to provide good distribution of daylight throughout an interior space and this prompts the need for strategic daylight control programme in a historic museum gallery. Surface reflectance is a significant design consideration, particularly with regards to how light is distributed throughout an interior space. Research on how the internal surfaces reflectances are controlled for long-term preservation of museum exhibits is still lacking for tropical skies conditions. The study aims to assess the internal surface reflectance contribution at a west facing daylit historical museum gallery through in-situ measurements and simulation model assessment. The results obtained in these experiments are visually compared with the existing surface reflectance values through simulation modelling. The results show new knowledge on light damage issues. The results also highlight daylighting distributions control and light exposure limits through realistic predictions’ images and reflectance’s alterations. The study confirms that surface reflectances can be a control mechanism for preventive conservation in the historical museum gallery.

Abstract: This study aimed at developing an artificial neural network (ANN)-based temperature control method for the double skin envelope buildings. For this, control logic for opening conditions of the inner and outer surfaces’ openings as well as for cooling system’s operation was developed based on the predictive and adaptive ANN model. The parametrical optimization process for the structure and learning methods of the ANN model was conducted in terms of the number of hidden layers, the number of neurons in the hidden layers, learning rate, and moment. Then, the performance of this optimized model was tested using the similarity analysis between the predicted values from the ANN model and the measured values from the actual double skin envelope building. Analysis revealed that the developed ANN model proved its prediction accuracy and adaptability in terms of stable Root Mean Square (RMS) and Mean Square Error (MSE) values. Based on this finding, it can be concluded that the developed ANN model showed potentials to be successfully applied to the temperature controls for the double skin envelope buildings.

Abstract: When China is vigorously urging the development of western area and the construction of new village, how to improve living standards of the famers at the same time to maximize the energy saving and the reduction of building materials using is one of the important problems that need to be solved. Based on the survey and research of the rural house in the Guanzhong region of north china, paper explores and analyzes the orientation, architectural style, layout, natural ventilation etc. Then arrive at the general applicability of ecological and energy-saving rural house in the Guanzhong region under the concept of ecological design. In the wake of the help of generally applicable design program, can provide some reference for the current rural house construction, and promote the integration of urban and rural areas.