Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: The aim was to study the effect of disused battery on wheat germination. The germination characteristics such as germination rate, germinating, germination index, vigor index, and activity changes of amylase and protease were determinated by germination bed method. The results showed that the disused battery affected wheat germination. With the increase of extract concentration of disused battery, the vigor index based on germination rate at 72h dropped, which indicated that the decrement was more pronounced than germination index of that. The change trends of amylase and protease activity were not difference, which the activities were promoted in the range of low concentrations of extract, but it were inhibited in the range of high concentrations.

Abstract: To research the effect of how Se alleviate the harm brought by copper, we investigated the root length, stem, leaves, aberration by Cu colza in copper and Se-Cu compounds. The experimental simulation of sewage irrigation methods, the general consumption of rapeseed selected as experimental material, using the method of comparison, were dealing with a single copper, different concentrations selenium and copper concentrations were compared with experimental treatment. The Experiments were divided into three groups of treatment, respectively with a single copper, low concentrations selenium and copper and high concentrations of selenium and copper processing of rape. The focus is research the effect of selenium on the toxicity of copper. The result shows that the law of heavy metals like copper accumulation in the soil as well as in the migration and accumulation in rape and the law of metallic copper in the role of selenium in the soil accumulation as well as in the migration and accumulation in rape. The copper in the soil and rape are determinated by AAS. The results show that Selenium effectively alleviate the toxicity of copper on rape, and the ability of ease is high concentrations of selenium intensity than low concentrations of selenium.

Abstract: The biodegradation abilities of 10 dibenzothiophene degrading microbial consortia isolated from contaminated soil were investigated. 5 highly efficient dibenzothiophene degrading bacterial strains were obtained from the consortium LKY10 by screening on LB-agar plates.The bacterial strain LKY10-5 reduced more than 90% of dibenzothiophene with 40 mg•L^-1 concentration, and had higher degradation efficiency than enriched bacterial consortia in 7 days of cultivation. According to species identification and phylogenetic analysis, strain LKY10-1 and LKY10-3 belonged to Actinobacteria and could be included in Rhodococcus and Cellulosimicrobium genus, LKY10-5 and LKY10-6 belonged to Proteobacteria and could be included in Pseudomonas and Devosia genus, and LKY10-13 could be included in Lysinibacillus genus and belonged to Firmicutes.

Abstract: In order to learn the ClO₂ decay behaviour in tap water, the kinetics of ClO₂ decay in pure water was studied. Under the conditions of tap water treatment and keeping away from light, the effects of temperature and pH on ClO₂ degradation were investigated. The results show that the ClO₂ decay reaction in pure water is the first-order with respect to ClO₂, the decay rate constants increase with increase in temperature or pH. At pH=6.87, the rate constants are 0.012h^-1(15°C), 0.017h^-1(25°C), 0.023h^-1(35°C), and 0.029h^-1(45°C), respectively. At 25°C, the rate constants are 0.0083h^-1(pH=4.5), 0.0111h^-1(pH=5.5), 0.0143h^-1(pH=6.5), 0.0222h^-1(pH=7.5), and 0.0351h^-1(pH=8.5), respectively. The experimental data prove that ClO₂ is more stable in acidic or lower temperature water than in neutral, alkalescent, or higher temperature water.

Abstract: The decolourization of dye wastewater by persulfate was studied using alizarin red as a model dye wastewater. Effects of several parameters, such as dose of oxidant, ionic strength, pH, temperature and UV irradiation, were investigated in detail. The results showed that the decolourization reaction of alizarin red by persulfate could be fitted to a pseudo-first order kinetics model. In addition, no degradation products were observed during the decolourization of alizarin red by persulfate. The results are useful for the treatment of dye wastewater.

Abstract: The variation of antioxidant activity of aloe vera under the stress of cadmium with different concentration was studied. The scavenging capacity of potted aloe vera to •OH and O2- • was determined and the effects of cadmium pollution on the antioxidant activity of aloe vera were evaluated using flow injection chemiluminescence methods.The results showed that, at low cadmium pollution level, the antioxidant activity of aloe vera increased with the increase of cadmium content in aloe vera body; while at high cadmium pollution level, the antioxidant activity of aloe vera decreased with the increase of cadmium content. This indicated that low cadmium could stimulate the self-protection system of aloe vera, resulting in a increase in the antioxidant activity. high cadmium would damage aloe self-defendend system, leading to the decrease in antioxidant activity.

Abstract: The photosynthetic bacteria have been widely used in improving the water environment, especially for pollutant purification. A photosynthetic bacterium was isolated from fish pond sludge using various methods. The bacterium is rod-shaped and slightly curved, and they reproduce by budding. It grew anaerobically when exposed to light and aerobically in darkness. Based on electron microscopy, utilization of carbon sources and amino acids, and factors required for growth, the bacterium is identified as Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The R. palustris was immobilized using different carriers to increase its concentration and its targeted use. The results show that immobilization of the bacteria stabilized the ammonia removal and protected the bacteria from predation by plankton. The method is also easy to use and prolonged the purification effect in the reactor. The immobilized microorganisms are 30%–40% more effective than free bacteria in removing ammonia.

Abstract: The research aimed to investigate the ecotoxicity of nano Ni(OH)2 from the leakage of lithium battery leakage on Carassius auratus. Choosing Carassius auratus as test biology, Researched on Content of free radical in the liver, SOD, GST and GSH. The main findings are as follows: As proved by EPR spinning trapping, nano Ni(OH)2 may induce the generation of hydroxyl radical in the body of Carassius auratus, which may impose significant impact on such active oxygen scavenging systems as SOD, GST and GSH. Nano Ni(OH)2 as concentrated in the fish body may incur redox reaction, and produce redox metabolic intermediate. The study provides the theoretical basis for safety problems might be incurred by mutual action between nano-material and organisms. As one of important toxic mechanisms of nano Ni(OH)2 to Carassius auratus, oxidative stress mechanism requires further study.

Abstract: A series of Cd_xZn_1-xS (x=0.1~0.9) composite photocatalysts were prepared by coprecipitation method. The above-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (DRS),surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS). It was shown from XRD that Cd_xZn_1-xS solid solution semiconductors were of hexagonal phase in agreement with pure CdS. The DRS and SPS results showed that the band gap energy gradually reduced with the increasing of x value in Cd_xZn_1-xS, and when x = 0.7, the Cd_0.7Zn_0.3S photocatalyst had the strongest surface photovoltage. It was found from photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ that the highest HCOOH production rate of 342.64 μmol/(g•h) over Cd_0.7Zn_0.3S photocatalyst among a series of Cd_xZn1-xS photocatalysts were obtained under 250 W high pressure mercury lamp.

Abstract: The effects of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition on soil microbial biomass, microbial functional diversity and enzyme activities involved in C cycling (sucrase, β-glucosidase, cellulose, amylase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase) were studied in southeast Chinese fir plantation (Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.)). All soil parameters measured decreased with increasing soil depth. The results indicated that low N (N1) deposition could accelerate soil microbial biomass and functional diversity, but moderate or high N deposition (N2, N3) restrain them. Nitrogen additions promoted soil sucrase, β-glucosidase and cellulase activities, while inhibited soil amylase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities to some extent, suggesting that decomposition of labile and recalcitrant organic matter were promoted and restricted by extra N deposition, respectively. Changes in microbial community biomass and function under extra N deposition indicated soil ecosystems experienced functional shifts under the current or future condition of human-accelerated N supply.