Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: The effect of an divalent electrolyte Ca²⁺ on the flocculation of two different concentrations of anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) with Al³⁺ has been investigated at different molar ratios Al³⁺ to SDBS at 298.15 K. The results showed that the flocculation characteristics of 0.01 mol•L-1 SDBS (above the critical micelle concentration CMC) and 0.001 mol•L-1 SDBS (below the CMC) were obviously different with an increase of dosages of Al³⁺. The z-average size of flocculate of 0.01 mol•L-1 SDBS with Al3+ decreased particularly with the pre-addition of Ca²⁺，It suggested the formation of the complexion Ca(SDBS)2. At optimization flocculation areas at 298.15K, pH values were all around 3.5 in the flocculation systems SDBS/Al³⁺ and Ca²⁺/SDBS/Al³⁺ whether the SDBS concentration above or below the CMC. The pre-addition of Ca²⁺ slightly affected other flocculation parameters of SDBS/Al3+ systems such as zeta potential, surface tension, conductivity and pH.

Abstract: Bio-drying reduces the moisture content of sludge without other external energy consumption, this paper introduced the microbiological aspect of a bio-drying process ,and state briefly about the suitable scope of oxygen supply ,C/N ratio, pH of biomass and moisture content for a optimal heat generation.

Abstract: The effect of glucose on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell biosorption of strontium under simulation culture conditions was studied in this research. The results showed that the glucose adding did not abviously increase the biosorption efficiency in 30-150 min and after 8 h. The glucose adding might stimulate the S.cerevisiae cell biosorption of strontium ions in 4-8 h for high initial strontium concentration. The results indicated that the glucose adding only stimulated S.cerevisiae cell biosorption of strontium at certain biosorption time and the biosorption process first was a physical adsorption followed bioaccumulation according to interface process and cell growth cycle under simulation culture conditions.

Abstract: Four novel poly N-Arenely-N’-(1,4-butenelydioxycarbonyl)thioureas (3a~d) were synthesized by the reaction of aryldiamines with 1,4-butenlydioxycarbonyl diisothiocyanate. Their structures were characterized by IR spectra and gel permeation chromatography(GPC). The preliminary biological activity tests showed that some compounds display effect in growth regulation of plants and fungicidal activity to some extent. The compound 3a has excellent effect in growth regulation of plants, and its promotion ratio to Oryza sativa L.(rice) is 64.8% in dosage of 80 mg/L, its inhibition ratio to Echinochloa crus-galli L.(barnyard grass) is 83.2% in dosage of 60 mg/L. The antibacterial tests indicated that the title compounds have poor fungicidal activities using Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporium, Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as target fungi, but only did the compound 3a have a comparatively well antifungal activities against F. oxysporium and S. Sclerotiorum, and its inhibition ratios are 38.8% and 30.9% at 100mg/L, respectively.

Abstract: The effects of simulated acid rain and aluminum (Al) addition on growth and photosynthesis physiology of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) were studied with tea seedlings in a hydroculture experiment. Results showed that the growth of tea plant, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis (Pn) of tea leaves were better in the treatments of suitable Al addition (10 mg/L and/or 20 mg/L) than the treatments without Al addition and higher Al addition (30 mg/L). The growth of tea plant increased with increasing acidity of acid rain, while the leaves of tea plant showed more chlorophyll content and higher Pn at the treatment of pH 4.0 than pH 5.0 and pH 3.0 acid solutions. The growth of tea plant, chlorophyll content and Pn were the best at the combined treatment of suitable Al addition (10~20 mg/L) and moderate acidity of acid rain (pH 4.0), while the slowest at the combined treatment of 30 mg/L Al and pH 3.0 acid rain. These results suggested that suitable Al and moderate acidity of acid rain are helpful to increase tea production by increasing photosynthesis capacity.

Abstract: Although surfactants have been considered in surfactant-aided soil washing systems, there is little information on the adsorption of the impact of surfactant on the adsorption of antibiotic, and this may have significant implications for the soil. In this study, Triton X-100 and SDBS were selected to study its effect on the sorption of Streptomycin sulfate from soil under equilibrium sorption. The adsorption of Streptomycin sulfate on soils in surfactant free and surfactant solutions of different critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) has been studied .The applied surfactant concentrations (X) ranged from below the (nominal) CMC to 5 times the CMC. For relatively water-soluble Streptomycin sulfate, the distribution coefficients with anionic surfactant (Kd*) deceeded those without surfactant (Kd), while non-ionic (Kd*) all exceeded those without surfactant (Kd). The Kd*/Kd ratios were used to evaluate the efficiency of surfactants and it was found that anionic surfactant is a better choice for remediation of contaminated soils whereas non-ionic surfactants leads to poor remediation efficiency.