Advanced Materials Research Vols. 616-618

Abstract: It has become the primary task of the airlines to pay attention to fuel-efficient, deepening the fuel-efficient process, work to strengthen oil saving management, and construct fuel-efficient system to reduce cost pressure and improve the market competitiveness. This paper, aiming at solving the problems existing in airlines fuel saving and cost control management, analyzes airlines internal main business process. By using Petri nets theory and the top-down method in modeling aviation company fuel-efficient engineering system, this paper, based on Petri nets, builds airlines fuel-efficient models and airline management process with its aim at fuel saving, which provides a visual and effective modeling methods and countermeasures for airlines fuel reduction work.

Abstract: This paper estimates the quantity of CO₂ emissions in 30 provinces of China covering the year from 1999 to 2010, combining static and dynamic panel data model.Meanwhile, we use instruments to control the endogeny of the two models, analyzing the impact factors of China's CO₂ emissions comprehensively and objectively. The result shows that a inverted U-shaped relationship is found between per capita GDP and CO₂ emissions per capita .And it means that the Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis is verified in China.And energy consumption structure, industrial structure and urbanization have a positive impact on China's CO₂ emissions. The CO₂ emissions of last period have a crucial impact on the emissions of current period.

Abstract: Climate change is an important global problem, which is concerned by the international community. As the major sector of energy consumption and the main source of greenhouse gases, it is imperative for Chinese transport industry to take on a low-carbon development path in order to alleviate the energy and environment pressure. The basic content and characteristics of low carbon transport are summarized. The four supporting systems of low carbon transport, namely industrial supporting system, infrastructure supporting system, life supporting system and policy supporting system are brought forth. Moreover, the evaluation system of low carbon transport from three aspects namely low carbon efficiency, low carbon guide and low carbon society is established. On the basis of the two systems, advices are provided in this paper. Government, enterprises and city dwellers should play different roles in low carbon transport development. All the people are involved in the development of low carbon transport and the construction of low carbon cities.

Abstract: In recent years, our clean coal technology made some breakthrough by means of introduction, digestion, and innovation. But compared with the developed countries, the use of clean coal technology in our country is not common for the unsound policies and standards, the lack of market mechanism, insufficient capital investment, decentralize of trade management and so on. We can effectively promote the development of clean coal technology, promote our country's energy consumption to transform extensive to intensive consumption and gradually realize a coordinated development between the energy, economy and environment by completing the relevant policies, laws and regulations of technology, finance, taxation, environmental protection, perfecting the independent innovations and technology admittance mechanism, increasing financial investment, encouraging private investment and setting up specialized standard managing and setting body of clean coal technology.

Abstract: Fossil Energy is the lifeblood of economic development of countries in the world, carbon emissions in the process of its consumption impact on the environment by the world's attention.The energy saving is the hot question of the today's world by the strategic context of sustainable development, China's consumption of fossil fuels is more vigorously pursued energy saving measures, mainly from oil and gas recovery technology and pipeline leakage detection technology specific energy-saving. Ultimately achieve energy saving and environmental protection purposes.

Abstract: As human overexploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels such as mining resources, the global environment has been severely polluted and damaged, which also poses a threat to human's health. So it is full of demands for renewable and clean energy sources. At present R & D of new energy is also increasing emphasised around the world. HDR as a renewable clean geothermal resources, with large reserves, widely distributed, heat, environmentally friendly development, through the heat exchange technology for power generation, which has a strong potential value.To actively develop new energy and promote the application of HDR power generation technology,we start from the basic characteristics of the HDR, and explore the basic principles of HDR power generation, the key technologies and the development of economic conditions. Meanwhile combined with the geographical characteristics of the environment in China, from the perspective of integration of subject resources,finally we constructively put forward a three-stage strategy for HDR power generation development plan.

Abstract: Every type of energy utilization for electricity generation has environmental consequences. The main consequences of burning fossil fuels and of nuclear power are well-known. Renewable energy sources (wind, solar, biomass, hydroelectric, geothermal, etc.) are generally thought of as harmless, but this doesn’t mean they have no environmental consequences at all. Most of them have a significant aesthetic impact and require large areas of land. Some also have a significant impact on the eco-system (birds, fishes, etc.). This paper summarizes the environmental issues caused by all kinds of renewable energy sources.

Abstract: Refineries are major CO₂ emitters, so it is imperative for them to conserve energy and reduce CO₂ emissions; biomass is undoutedly of great significance to alleviate the dual pressures resulting from energy crisis and emissions constraints. This paper, by analyzing emission reduction potential of our national petrochemical enterprises and the three main emissions reduction measures-Fuel alternative, carbon utilization and process optimization-taken by refineries in China, proposes that, under the dual pressures from energy crisis and greenhouse effects, importance should be attached to the development and utilization of biomass energy and new refining systems suitable for biomass energy should be built; what’s more, three proposals are suggested for setting up them, including establishing new refining system at remote areas to ensure the adequate supply of raw materials, and creating matched power generation system and new device structure for biomass characteristics. Thereby, a major breakthrough can be made to ease the energy crisis, to truly achieve the aim of energy conservation and “Eat the grass and produce the milk”.

Abstract: In this paper, the performance of combination forecast methods for CO₂ emissions prediction is investigated. Linear model, time series model, GM (1, 1) model and Grey Verhulst model are selected in study as the separate models. And, four kinds of combination forecast models, i.e. the equivalent weight (EW) combination method, variance-covariance (VACO) combination method, regression combination (R) method, and discounted mean square forecast error (MSFE) method are chosen to employ for top 5 CO₂ emitters. The forecasting accuracy is compared between these combination models and single models. This research suggests that the combination forecasts are almost certain to outperform the worst individual forecasts and maybe even better than most individual ones. Furthermore the combination forecasts can avoid the risk of model choosing in future projection. For CO₂ emissions forecast with many uncertain factors in the future, combining the single forecast would be safer in such forecasting situations.

Abstract: This paper attempts to discuss the embodied energy consumption and embodied greenhouse gas emissions in manufacturing industry. Based the on input-output theory, this paper establishes the calculation model, which gives the calculation of embodied energy consumption and embodied greenhouse gas emissions of 2002 and 2007 respectively. By comparison, it draws the conclusion that the total direct energy consumption of 2007 is much more than the year of 2002, while the total embodied energy consumption is less than the year of 2002. However, Non-metallic mineral products, Metal smelting and pressing and Electric equipment and machinery perform otherwise. The reason accounting for the calculation results is that the embodied energy intensity is greatly decreased.