Advanced Materials Research Vols. 634-638

Abstract: The effects of three novel alkylpyridinium hydrosulfate ionic liquids (ILs)-EpyHSO₄, BpyHSO₄ and HpyHSO₄ on current efficiency (CE), energy consumption (EC), catholic polarization behavior, surface morphology and crystallographic orientation during zinc electrodeposition from acidic sulphate solution were investigated. Addition of these additives was found to increase CE, decrease EC and improve the surface morphology at lower concentrations. Voltammetric studies indicated that these additives had a pronounced inhibiting effect on Zn²⁺ electroreduction and polarization of the electrode was in the order: HpyHSO₄ > BpyHSO₄ > EpyHSO₄. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the presence of additives did not change the structure of the electrodeposited zinc but affected the crystallographic orientation of the crystal planes.

Abstract: An innovative green process of producing ε-caprolactam (CPL) was proposed by integrating ammoximation and Beckmann rearrangement effectively. As a second part of the new process, two-phase (liquid-liquid) Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam was carried out using solution of oxime-cyclohexane as reactant instead of melting oxime in conventional route. The experimental results indicated that a relatively high yield of CPL can be achieved with much less oleum under milder reaction conditions in comparison with conventional technology. Furthermore, preliminary work on the quality of CPL, characterized by D value, was also performed. It was found that molar ratio of acid to oxime had a great impact on D value while the influences of other parameters were less important.

Abstract: Soil salinization is one of the major land degradation types and has greatly influenced sustainable agricultural development. Interest is growing in the use of soil amendments to reclaim saline and sodic soils. According to the practical soil conditions in the Yellow River Delta and the special characteristics of the coastal saline soil, in order to find the effects of combined applications of desulfurization gypsum, humic acid and polyacrylamide on saline-alkali soil, pot experiment was conducted to analyze the chemical properties and plant yields. L₈(2⁷) design was selected to engage in orthogonal experiment with first class interaction of three factors at two levels. The results demonstrated that applying soil amendments significantly increase the total salt content, decreased the soil pH and SAR. The effect on treatment 8(30g/kg desulfurization gypsum , 2g/ kg of humic acid , 0.025g/kg PAM) was the most significant, cotton soil pH and SAR decreased to 7.63 and 7.22, corn soil pH and SAR decreased to 7.57 and 7.34. The effects of soil amendments on crop growth showed that the treatment 7, combination of soil amendments (30g/kg desulfurization gypsum ,2g/ kg of humic acid , 0.01g/kg PAM) could promote the growth of cotton most significantly. Compared with the control, plant height, leaf area fresh weight and dry weight increased 33.4%,41.7%,82.2% and 237.8% respectively. The combination 8 of soil amendments (30g/kg FGD gypsum, 2g/ kg of humic acid ,0.025g/kg PAM) could promote the growth of corn most significantly. Compared with the control, plant height, leaf area fresh weight and dry weight increased 20.7%, 35.9%, 49.9%和47.9% respectively. There was no significant interaction between the three soil amendments.

Abstract: The distribution, enrichment, accumulation, and potential ecological risk of chromium (Cr) in the surface sediments of Love River mouth, Taiwan, were investigated. Sediment samples from ten locations located near the river mouth were collected and characterized for Cr. The results show that samples collected at all monitoring points near the Love River mouth contain 63–204 mg/kg of Cr with average of 128±50 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cr reveals that the Cr concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor analysis imply that the sediments can be characterized as minor to moderate degree of Cr enrichment. Results of geo-accumulation index analysis indicate that the sediments can be characterized as none to moderate degree of Cr accumulation. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediments at Love River mouth have low ecological potential risk.

Abstract: Phenazine with high purity above 99.5% was recovered from waste of industrial production of 4-amino-diphenylamine by using solid-liquid separation, solvent extraction, recrystallization, sublimation and rectification. The operating condition for the recovery of phenazine was assessed and optimal operation conditions were recommended. The yield of phenazine in the waste reaches 85% or so, the rest of the waste returns to the system for further use. This novel method increased waste utilization value and reduced production cost compared with the conventional process. This research saves the cost in phenazine synthesis and reduces waste emission.

Abstract: This paper presents a post-Si CMP cleaning using the boron-doped diamond (BDD) film electrode as anode in the electrochemical cleaning method. The BDD film electrode has wide potential window and high oxygen evolution potential, so it is able to electrochemically generate super-advanced oxidation free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals, oxygen free radicals and so on. And the sub-product of the radicals are ozone and hydrogen peroxide. And the BDD film electrode electrochemically oxidation is an advanced oxidation technology. First using the surfactant to remove particles contaminants, then following this post-Si CMP cleaning, it can effectively remove organic as well as the adsorbed surfactant on the surface. The experiments of cleaning post-Si CMP wafer are introduced in this paper, and the results indicated that the effective cleaning process can meet the continuous development of microelectronic industry cleaning needs.

Abstract: Geopolymers Are Attracting Great Interest from Mining and Energy Industries Alike, to Solve their Pressing Waste Disposal Problems. Geopolymers for Immobilization of Heavy Metal Consist of an Alkaline Activator and Cementing Components, such as Metakaolin, Coal Fly Ash, Slag, Etc., or a Combination of Two or More of them. its Main Hydration Product Is Aluminosilicate Gel at Room Temperature. Properly Designed Geopolymers Can Exhibit both Higher Strengths and Lower Leading than Portland Cement. the Exact Mechanism by which Heavy Metal Immobilization Occurs Is Not Fully Understood, and it Is Thought to Be Caused by Three Routes. this Paper Also Analyzes the Existing Problems in the Process on the Immobilization of Heavy Metal with Geopolymers Research, and its Development Is Prospected.

Abstract: Pomelo peel was chosen as adsorbent to treat the simulated dye wastewater with methylene blue. The research results showed the removal rate of 140mg/L methylene blue solution with 100mL could reach more than 83% under the optimum conditions, which were as follows: 0.4g pomelo peels powder, reaction temperature 30°C, pH value 8 and oscillating time 60min.Theoretical saturation absorptive capacity of pomelo peel was 133mg/g at 30°C.The whole adsorption process can be well described by the Langmuir and Temkin isothermal adsorption equation and secondary adsorption rate equations.

Abstract: With the aim to use anaerobic granular sludge, the methanogenic activity inhibition and recovery of anaerobic granular sludge from an industrial anaerobic reactor (s1) were investigated by measuring the methane volume at low pH. A lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was inoculated with s1.s1 was used to remove Zn2+ in wastewater. The results show that activity of s1 is similar when the pH value is 6.5 to 7.0. The methane volume is obviously decreased when the pH value is 6.0. The activity is completely inhibited when the pH value is 4.5. The activity is fully recovered when the pH is above 6.5 and hardly recovers when the pH fell to 4.5. The main Zn2+ removal mechanism is chemical adsorption.

Abstract: In this study, we describe a novel adsorbent, thiourea impregnated gelatin microspheres(TIGM) which were synthesized from thiourea impregnated gelatin by inverse suspension polymerization with glutaraldehyde as crosslinker. With the aim to investigate the absorption kinetics of Cu(II) on TIGM, the absorption equilibrium, the effects of temperature on the absorption was fully discussed. It was found that this adsorbent is effective for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Results of the experiments presented that the thiourea was uniformly dispersed in microspheres mainly through chemical bonds, and the adsorption isotherms of Cu(II) on TIGM fits well both with the classical Freundlich equation and the Langmuir equation. It was also suggested that the adsorption rate of Cu (II) was faster at higher temperature, and the amount of the adsorption also increases with the increasing of temperature. According to the research, the maximal adsorption capacity is obtained when pH is 5 to 9, and the adsorption kinetics of Cu(II) onto TIGM could be described by pseudo-first-order rate mode.