Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: With the increasing strictness of emission regulation, the requirements for marine diesel engine SOx emission are becoming more and more rigorous. This paper mainly introduces the reaction mechanisms of seawater scrubber and freshwater scrubber, and analyzes the research status quo of the two scrubbers. It also gives a contrast to the merits and shortcomings of them. Finally, this paper puts forward some considerations in the practical application of seawater scrubber on ships.

Abstract: Processing crude oil to provide useful products generates a variety of problems. The petroleum pollution and oil spill and so on. Environmental experts are trying to use the exceptional trophic diversity of bacteria to solve problems of petroleum pollution. John Pirt of Kings College London discovered bacteria living in horse manure that can break down sewage at temperatures of 80C. He used these bacteria to develop a system for sewage disposal that alternatives these high-temperature bacteria that with bacteria that grow at 37C. Pirts system nearly eliminates the organic material in sewage sludge, leaving water and some mineral waste. The mineral waste contains heavy metal contaminants that can be isolated and either disposed of or recycled.

Abstract: hydrophobicity ionic liquid [bmiPF₆ mix with PdCl₂ is used as catalyst and reaction medium to form biophasic liquid reaction system to catalyst mixed gas of PH₃. FT-IR is used for the conformational analysis of [bmi PF₆ monomer and Waters 431 chromatograph for the products of purified reaction. The relationship between temperature, oxygen concentration, the amount of substance of PdCl₂ and PH₃ purification efficiency have been investigated. The results show that purification efficiency remains above 99% in 300min. There is no obvious increase of purification efficiency with O₂ content increased. The optimum conditions of catalyst system are: [bmiPF₆: PdCl₂=1:0.056 (molar ratio), temperature of 70°C between 30~70°C. The reaction products contains PO₄^3- in the aqueous phase by instrumental analysis.

Abstract: With the development of Chinese industry, stainless steel and wire rope pickling sludge pollution problems have become increasingly prominent. Pickling sludge contains a large number of residual acid and heavy metals, and it is hazardous waste which would pose potential environmental problems and threaten people's health if being deposited outdoors or landfill simply. In view of Jiangsu Province present situation of pickling sludge, the paper analyzes the physical properties and the elements content of sludge from 9 enterprises. Pickling sludge pH is basically alkaline and range 7 to 9, moisture content is basically about 50% to 60%. ICP-AES has been applied to identify the content of metals. The range of Fe content is from 13.23% to 35.56% and the range of Ca content is from 1.04% to 29.93%, which shows that pickling sludge is appropriated for resource utilization. Ni and Cr are mainly contained in pickling sludge of stainless steel, the content are 1.79%~3.2% and 2.22%~3.15%, while Pb and Zn are mainly contained in pickling sludge of wire rope, the content are 0.0034%~0.53% and 3.14%~10.18%. The Elemental Analyzer has been applied to determine the content of F, Cl, N, S and P in picking sludge. The paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for making the huge amounts of the sludge harmless and how to utilize the treated sludge.

Abstract: People pay more and more attention on the fine particle pollution in the air with the improvement of environmental awareness. Coal-fired power plant is an important source of the fine particle emissions. The principles of three dedusting methods applied in coal-fired power plants were explained, which were electrostatic precipitator, bag deduster and composite electrostatic-bag precipitator. In addition, PM_2.5 removal efficiency of three dedusting methods was analyzed and discussed based on the test results. The experiment, with the AFC-131test rig, was carried out on dedusting performance of typical filters, to study the effect of pressure drop of filters on the emission characteristics of PPS filter material of different processing technology and posttreatment.

Abstract: The release of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater has caused a serious environmental problem. In order to provide a better guideline for the antibiotic wastewater treatment, this paper summarizes a critical review on the current biological technologies available for antibiotic wastewater degradation, including aerobic processes, anaerobic processes, anaerobic-aerobic processes, and other combined processes. Furthermore, applications of the antibiotic wastewater biological treatment processes are discussed as well.

Abstract: t was discovered that sunlight/Fe²⁺/S₂O₈^2- method is superior to UV/Fe²⁺/S₂O₈^2-method when we treated water samples of acidic Congo red .Congo red dye was applied in activated potassium persulfate by sunlight/ultraviolet and ferrous ion system investigation. It showed efficient sunlight/ultraviolet activated degradation of acidic Congo red, and the activation of sunlight was better than that of ultraviolet. The effect of pH value, Fe²⁺ and S₂O₈^2- concentration on the degradation of Congo red were investigated. The result indicated that when pH was 3.0, [Fe²⁺] was 0.42mmol/L, [S₂O₈^2-] was 74.0mmol/L, the decolouring ratio of acidic Congo red were 91.0% and 100% respectively after 5min and 60min of reaction times, the TOC removal ratio was 80.4% after 120min.

Abstract: Alkanes are widespread in nature and cause seriously pollution of environment. In many of oil pollution treatment method, because of economic, effective and less damaging to the environment and many other advantages, bioremediation technology is thought to have broad application prospects. In this study, we isolated an efficient alkane-degrading strain from some coal gasification wastewater sludge. It was identified the strain L2-4 as Acinetobacter sp.(KC211013) through morphology and 16SrDNA sequence analysis. The maximum degradation rate was aquired to 58.7% under the condition of original alkanes concentration 700mg/L, pH 7.0 and temperature 35°C. The study was designed to provide good strain resources for oil pollution remediation and microbial en hanced oil recovery.

Abstract: The phosphorus uptake rate characteristics have been investigated in different electron acceptor conditions (NO3-, O2, O2 and NO3- coexisting). The sludge was transferred from CAS, AO MBR, AOA MBR, A2O MBR or the A, B tank of MUCT-MBR systems. The results show that the phosphorus uptake rate (SPUR) have the same rule for the sludge in different electron acceptors, that is NSPUR (NO3- as the electron acceptor) <ASPUR (O2 as the electron acceptor) <TSPUR (both O2 and NO3- as the electron acceptors). There exists the aerobic denitrifying phosphorus removal process in mixed electron acceptor system. And this process shows a positive correlation with the ability of denitrifying phosphorus removal improved. The higher ability of denitrifying phosphorus uptake the sludge have, the faster nitrate consumption rate could be shown through the phosphorus uptake process under the condition of in O2 and NO3- coexisting. That is TSDNR（AO）<TSDNR（AOA）<TSDNR（A2O）. The relationship between the nitrate consumption rates is ASDNR (only O2 exist) <TSDNR (TP and O2 coexist) <NSDNR (only TP exist). The phosphorus removal mechanism might include three parts: the aerobic phosphorus uptake, the anoxic denitrifying phosphorus uptake and the aerobic denitrifying phosphorus uptake.

Abstract: Coal-fired power plant is one of the largest sources of mercury emitted into the atmosphere artificially. In the paper, more intensive investigations were performed in 27 power plants for observing distribution of mercury at all the effluents. Mass balance of mercury was figured out from the emission data and analysis results of mercury at all the in- and out-streams. The results show that, concentrations of mercury emitted from stack gas equipped with air pollution control devices (APCDs) range between 0.6734 and 14.4312μg/m³ with coal mercury content lower than 0.20mg/kg. FGD gypsum mercury is about 2~10 times as that of in coal. The average mercury removal efficiency by ESP is only about 29.36% while ESP +wFGD and dry-FGD+FF about 68.72% and 81.51% separately. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the existing APCDs, wash and mix coal to Hg co-removal for coal-fired power plants.