Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: The extraction behavior of Cu²⁺ using N,N,N,N-tetrabutyl-3-oxy-glutaramide from hydrochloric acid was studied. The effect of hydrochloric acid concentration, NaCl concentration, extractant concentration, and temperature on the extraction distribution of Cu²⁺ was also investigated. The result shows that the distribution ratio increases with an increase of the acid concentration, NaCl concentration or extractant concentration, but decreases with temperature, which demonstrates that the extraction reaction is exothermic.

Abstract: The resource utilization of red mud had become a hot topic. The sintered red mud brick was researched by many people because the large quantity of red mud would be used and the treatment cost was very low. Combining with the research literatures in recent years, thermodynamic datum of chemical reactions at high temperature were calculated, which provide reference for the feasibility of sintering red mud brick, And it was found that increasing sintering temperature could reduce efflorescence.

Abstract: The experiments for treating the pesticide wastewater, which had been produced by Shandong pesticide factory when it produced the Nicosulfuron, were carried out. Through the small test, treatment of pesticide wastewater by batch distillation was studied. The results showed that the top temperature of the recovery samples were about from 98.5°C to 100.2°C，the COD of the recovery samples were about from 10000mg/L to 200 mg/L.With the increasing of the reflux ratio, the average of the COD of these samples and the recoveries reduced gradually, and the removal rate of COD increased gradually, which is above 92% when R≥4.

Abstract: This paper is to explore the feasibility of a novel combined uncoupler of 3,3ˊ,4ˊ,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) on excess activated sludge reduction compared to single dose of TCS and TCP. Four sequenced batch reactors (SBR) were continuously operated during two-month period dosed by different concentration of metabolic uncoupler. The comparative experiments showed that the combined uncoupler could effectively limit sludge yield by approximately 52%, followed by TCS, TCP, without obvious affecting the TOC removal rate and SVI value. At the end of the operation, the variation of zeta potential clearly indicated that uncoupler dosing affected the flocculability of activated sludge. The study demonstrated applying a combined uncoupler was feasible and promising technique to reduce sludge yield in SBR.

Abstract: The interior diversion expanded granular sludge bed was concurrently operated for 140d to study the characteristic of the granular sludge bed. The influent COD concentration varied from 2000mg/L to 22300 mg/L, hydraulic retention time was maintained constant at 24 h and the organic loading rate was changed through a change in substrate concentration. The results showed that the reactor had great COD removal efficiency. When the MLSS was 23.1g/L, the influent COD was 18890mg/L, the COD removal efficiency was 80.4%; The interior diversion EGSB could greatly improve the role of gas-dynamic, when the liquid upflow velocity was 3.55m/h, the gas production was 5.96 L/d shows higher sludge bed expansion rate than 2.77 L/d about 9.5%. During the experimental, the anaerobic sludge has the following properties: the average sludge diameter was increased from 0.41mm to 1.66mm. Observed under the scanning electronic microscopy, we found that the sludge appeared obviously granulation, the bacteria amount and species are more than seed sludge after operation of 50d. It was found that rough surface of anaerobic sludge has clear figure with being covered by mucous lamina, with visible hole or cavity on surface.

Abstract: Tannery deliming-bating wastewater contains lots of pollutants including ammonium salt, interfibrillary substances and residual enzymes. In order to reduce the pollution, the wastewater was purified by ultrafiltration with polyimide membrane and recycled in deliming-bating process. Solutes in the wastewater were evaluated by COD, total nitrogen and suspended substance. The effects of ultrafiltration parameters on permeate flux and solute rejections were investigated, and the characteristics of wastewater, as well as membrane cleaning were measured during the recycling. The results show that a steady permeate flux of over 31.5L/m²h with rejections to COD of above 89% and total nitrogen of above 82% can be obtained at 25°C under 0.090MPa in pH7.5 during the ultrafiltration. In the repeated recycling, neither the organic substances nor the nitrogenous substances could be accumulated in operation liquor. The recycling process has the same deliming-bating effect as conventional process. It has good potential for industrial application.

Abstract: A pilot study was carried out to evaluate the incorporation of air sparging for enhancing ultrafiltration membrane filterability in treating soybean whey. The results showed that the decline of membrane permeate flux was slowed down by air sparging. The filtration could continue for 1200 minutes with acceptable permeate flux under the optimal parameters as temperature of 45°C, pH of 7.0, transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 0.05MPa and air sparging intensity of 5.0m³/h. The experiment also revealed that air sparging was advantageous to hydrodynamic flushing and chemical cleaning to reclaim membrane permeate flux. Moreover, the effect of air sparging on the retaining ratios of protein and sugar was investigated.

Abstract: Photocatalyst of Fe-Sm-Yb modified TiO₂ loaded on clay brick was prepared for degradation of NH₃-N in coking water. The influence factors of NH₃-N degradation rates were discussed by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The optimum process conditions of photocatalytic degradation NH₃-N in coking water were confirmed. The results show that NH₃-N degradation rates 82.23% were highest in the conditions of pH 6.5, photocatalyst charge of 1.4 g, illumination for 6h, reaction at 55°C, calcination at 500°C.

Abstract: A waste material, stove ash, was applied to adsorbthe Direct Red 4BS. The dye amount absorbed by ash was improved with increasingthe dye initial concentration from 3g/Lto 7g/L. Dye was adsorbed within 2minutes and the equilibrium was achieved after 5 minutes. The kinetic of adsorptionreaction was also studied. The results showed that adsorption reaction was congruentwith Lagergren pseudo-second order kinetic equation, and different initial dyeconcentrations had their specific kinetic parameters.

Abstract: Bacterial concentration is detected by the cultivation-microscopy method and the serial dilution method in the different oil field sewage. The results indicate that the results are the same when the bacterial concentration in the clear water, simulated water and waterflooded sewage were detected by the cultivation- microscopy method and the serial dilution method. The order of magnitude are the same and quotient are different when the bacterial concentration in the polymer- flooded sewage were detected by those. The bacterial concentration by the cultivation-microscopy method detected is more than by the serial dilution method detected when the waterflooded sewage and the polymer-flooded sewage were joined the biocide. They are used to detect the bacterial concentration in the different concentration scop of polymers, the results are the same in the concentration scop of polyacrylamide under 100mg/L, while the results are very different in the concentration scop of polyacrylamide above 200mg/L.