Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: In this paper, the effect of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle catalytic degradation brilliant blue X-BR dye was studied using spectrophotometric method. It was found that in the media of pH 0.65 HCl-NaAc buffer solution, 100 μmol/L H₂O₂, 0.7 g/L Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle and the temperature 25°C, the degradation rate for reactive brilliant blue X-BR was over 93.5% in 20 min under the optimal conditions.

Abstract: Packing materials made of organic or inorganic substances can improve the composting speed or increase the compost quality. Pilot experiments on outdoor composting were carried out to investigate the effect of packing materials on nitrogen losses and compost quality. The results showed that both furfural dreg and mushroom dreg can be used as packing materials in composting chicken manure. Compared with maize straw, furfural dreg and mushroom dreg were more suitable for the industrial-scale production of organic fertilizers. Packing materials can optimize the composting conditions, improve microbial activity, accelerate the composting process, reduce nitrogen losses, and maintain nutrients, thereby improving the compost quality.

Abstract: The use rate of the vegetable-residue is low which pollution-free processing does not reach the designated position. In order to resolve the problem of vegetable residues treatment, the research focus on transforming from vegetable-residue to feed for livestock and poultry combining with its characteristics of big water content and strong seasonality. Firstly, the vegetable cakes with about 45% moisture content were made of vegetable-residue by cleaning, beating, pressure filtration, batching, mixing, granulating, cooling and packaging. The orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize the addition amount of bentonite, wheat middling, powdered rice hulls, binder and corn protein powder into vegetables particle roughage of poultry and vegetables honeycomb roughage of livestock from vegetable cakes which selected the forming ratio as the indicator. The results showed that when the addition amount of bentonite was 20%, wheat middling was 20%, powdered rice hulls was 20%, corn protein powder was 5%, the vegetables particle roughage had the best forming ratio, while the addition amount of bentonite 12.5%, wheat middling 10%, powdered rice hulls 15%, corn protein powder 3%, binder 2%, the livestock vegetables honeycomb roughage had the best forming ratio. The results would provide the references for vegetable-residue industrial treatment.

Abstract: In recent year suitable management (including collection, separate ways etc.) and innovative treatment methods of waste and alternative strategies for power plant to produce electricity and heat are focused either by experts or common peoples. It refers not only to ecologic but also to economic interests. Because many suitable treatment methods of waste are decided by the types of them, so that the waste management including separation is very relevant. For realizing of more suitable separate and treatment ways which support a waste disposal with reduced pollution of environment, to set some easy deliver rules of garbage for common people is as important as to choose a proper way to treat them by the knowledge of experts.

Abstract: Based on the research of the molecular-distillation technical conditions for the renewable waste lubricating oil, the optimal technology and processes were studied and obtained with a pilot-scale molecular distillation device. The results could provide a strong technical basis for the reduction and recycling-separation of the renewable waste lubricating oil, and also for the energy-saving and emission-reduction. In addition, the economic and development prospect of this method was described and analyzed.

Abstract: Renewable resources applied in highway engineering become development trend due to environmental protection and engineering material shortage. This article presents the composition, characteristics and their application status of slag, iron tailings, construction waste, fly ash in highway engineering, analyses the advantages and disadvantages of renewable resources application in china，which provides the reference and basis for the further application of renewable resources.

Abstract: This experiment aims to prepare the Zn^{2 +}-doped TiO₂ composite semiconductor materials by the sol-gel method and to characterize their crystal structures by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy (SEM) scanning. The degradation target in this experiment is the pharmaceutical wastewater of a certain Chinese patent medicine, whose COD is as high as 300,000 mg/L and chroma is above 500 degrees. When the doping ratio of ZnO is 8%, the pharmaceutical wastewaters COD and chroma removal rates for 2hs degradation respectively reach 72.5% and 33.8%. The doping of Ce⁴⁺ or La³⁺ can improve the catalytic activity of ZnO-TiO₂. The cerium doped in can improve ZnO-TiO₂s catalytic property within 7%, and when the doping ratio of lanthanum is 0.4%, the chroma removal rate of the pharmaceutical wastewater reaches 65%, 31.2% more than that of the pure ZnO-TiO₂.

Abstract: How to dispose of herbal residues during the Chinese herbal medicine production and processing has become a problem that can not be ignored. This paper summarizes the way of reuse herbal residues in China, and discusses existing problem. Moreover, its suggested that Chinese Medicine enterprises should take road of sustainable development by rational utilization of herbal residues.

Abstract: A large amount of mineral, macromolecular organics and macromolecular additives exist in drilling wastewater, and form a complicated stable multilevel wastewater system. Biological process is the most efficient way of removing organic matter from drilling waste waters. These 1iving systems rely on mixed microbial cultures to decompose, and to remove colloidal and dissolved organic substances from solution. The most important factors affecting biological growth are temperature, availability of nutrients, oxygen supply, pH, presence of toxins and, sunlight. Drilling waste waters commonly contain sufficient concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace nutrients to support the growth of a microbial culture. Theoretically, a BOD to nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of 100/5/1 is adequate.

Abstract: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate solid digestate as a growing substrate for plug seedlings. Four mediums prepared from solid digestate, vermiculite, perlite and activated carbon were used to determine optimum growing substrate for tomato seedlings (Zhongshu six). The substrate used in this study mixed as solid digestate: vermiculite: perlite: activated carbon were (m:m): 4:13:2:1, 8:9:2:1, 12:5:2:1 and 16:1:2:1, respectively. Besides, peat: vermiculite of 2:1 (v:v) was used as the control. Various seedling indices were measured to assess the quality of the substrates. Tomato seedlings grown in solid digestate: vermiculite: perlite: activated carbon of 16:1:2:1 (m:m) displayed the best quality compared with all the other treatments, due to a correct balance between the digestate nutrient supply and the physical properties provided by vermiculite, perlite and activated carbon. Solid digestate could be a potential alternative for plug seedlings.